Table 2.
How do you use each of the following sources to learn about antimicrobials use and resistance?
| Statements | Medical Students | Pharmacy Students | t | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Rank | Mean (SD) | Rank | (p-Value) | |
| Textbooks or study guides | 3.17 (0.95) | 1 | 3.24 (0.89) | 1 | 1.23 |
| (0.221) | |||||
| Wikipedia | 3.01 (0.98) | 2 | 3.07 (0.95) | 3 | 0.19 |
| (0.849) | |||||
| iPhone or smartphone apps | 2.94 (1.02) | 3 | 3.02 (0.99) | 2 | 2.13 |
| (0.034) * | |||||
| Peers (other students) | 2.89 (1.05) | 4 | 3.01 (0.91) | 7 | −0.21 ** |
| (0.833) | |||||
| Others used often | 2.89 (1.08) | 4 | 2.96 (1.01) | 6 | 0.01 |
| (0.996) | |||||
| Up to Date | 2.87 (1.01) | 5 | 2.89 (1.12) | 5 | 1.38 |
| (0.168) | |||||
| Infectious Diseases specialists | 2.86 (1.02) | 6 | 2.87 (1.04) | 7 | 0.20 |
| (0.844) | |||||
| Hospital/ clinical Pharmacists | 2.76 (0.97) | 7 | 2.87 (0.97) | 4 | 4.13 |
| (0.000) * | |||||
| Medical Journals | 2.67 (0.99) | 8 | 2.86 (1.02) | 9 | 2.39 |
| (0.017) * | |||||
| Other Guidelines by professional organizations | 2.63 (1.00) | 9 | 2.83 (0.99) | 10 | 2.96 |
| (0.003) * | |||||
| Non-infectious diseases physicians | 2.61 (0.97) | 10 | 2.82 (0.98) | 14 | −1.58 ** |
| (0.113) | |||||
| Pharmaceutical representatives | 2.58 (1.05) | 11 | 2.68 (1.08) | 8 | 4.02 |
| (0.000) * | |||||
| Johns Hopkins Antibiotic guide | 2.57 (1.08) | 12 | 2.59 (1.14) | 12 | 0.24 |
| (0.811) | |||||
| Sanford guide | 2.55 (1.08) | 13 | 2.55 (1.14) | 13 | −0.02 ** |
| (0.988) | |||||
| Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines | 2.53 (1.00) | 14 | 2.50 (0.99) | 11 | 2.20 |
| (0.027) * | |||||
SD = standard deviation, t = independent t-test. * p ≤ 0.05 (significant difference).** In statistics, a negative t-value elaborates that the direction of the effect under study is being reversed; this value has no impact on the significance of difference between groups of data. Pharmacy students’ rank was italicized to differentiate from the rank given by the medical students.