. 2021 Oct 15;11(10):2978. doi: 10.3390/ani11102978

Table 4.

Effect of oilseed supplementation on milk fatty acid (FA) composition of lactating dairy cows on pasture in spring and summer.

	SPRING ^1,2						SUMMER ^1,2						AUTUMN ^1,2
	CON	CTS	RPS	LNS	SEM	p Value	CON	CTS	RPS	LNS	SEM	p Value	CON	CTS	RPS	LNS	SEM	p Value
FA, g/100 g of total FA ^3,4
8:0	1.13 ^a	0.69 ^b	1.01 ^a	0.85 ^a,b	0.083	<0.01	0.87	0.89	0.94	1.11	0.067	0.06	1.06	0.99	1.05	1.08	0.071	0.83
10:0	3.34 ^a,b	2.04 ^b	2.85 ^b	3.28 ^a	0.140	<0.001	2.64	2.25	2.63	2.83	0.146	0.05	2.88	2.74	2.93	3.05	0.132	0.43
12:0	3.73 ^a	2.29 ^b	3.20 ^a	3.74 ^a	0.148	<0.001	3.04 ^a	2.49 ^b	3.17 ^a	3.07 ^a	0.118	<0.01	3.22	3.10	3.29	3.43	0.144	0.44
14:0	11.46 ^a,b	8.49 ^c	10.45 ^b	11.87 ^a	0.324	<0.001	10.61	9.88	10.84	10.74	0.263	0.05	10.68	10.35	10.30	11.04	0.281	0.23
15:0	1.07 ^a,b	0.88 ^c	0.97 ^b,c	1.19 ^a	0.042	<0.001	1.03 ^a,b	1.01 ^b	1.12 ^a	1.04 ^a,b	0.029	0.04	0.98	1.01	0.99	1.01	0.020	0.69
16:0	24.57	24.55	23.03	25.11	0.789	0.30	24.80 ^b	28.01 ^a	26.59 ^a,b	26.54 ^a,b	0.713	0.02	24.01	24.65	23.84	25.30	0.517	0.19
Total 16:1 cis	1.89 ^a	1.48 ^b	1.83 ^a	1.77 ^a	0.067	<0.01	1.89	1.95	1.90	1.97	0.069	0.82	2.10	2.02	1.96	2.13	0.063	0.22
18:0	11.80 ^b	14.97 ^a	13.80 ^a	11.23 ^b	0.440	<0.001	12.72 ^a	11.04 ^b	12.19 ^a,b	10.94 ^b	0.393	<0.01	11.07	11.65	12.08	11.03	0.328	0.081
10t-18:1	0.41 ^b	0.63 ^a	0.40 ^b	0.41 ^b	0.030	<.0001	0.38 ^b	0.56 ^a	0.32 ^c	0.31 ^c	0.015	<0.001	0.39	0.37	0.39	0.38	0.011	0.34
11t-18:1	1.72 ^b	2.50 ^a	1.71 ^b	2.14 ^a,b	0.120	<0.001	1.64 ^b	2.04 ^a	1.75 ^a,b	1.59 ^b	0.086	<0.01	1.97	1.90	1.98	1.94	0.089	0.93
9c-18:1	23.09 ^a,b	23.81 ^a,b	25.35 ^a	21.66 ^b	0.825	0.03	25.49	24.30	23.95	23.95	0.747	0.42	25.07	25.22	24.71	23.57	0.688	0.33
18:2 n-6	1.59 ^b	2.08 ^a	1.49 ^b	1.45 ^b	0.061	<0.001	1.50 ^a	1.56 ^a	1.19 ^b	1.28 ^b	0.041	<0.001	1.67	1.56	1.72	1.51	0.060	0.06
9c,11t-18:2	0.87 ^b	0.98 ^a	0.81 ^b	1.09 ^a,b	0.067	0.03	0.84 ^b	1.11 ^a	0.88 ^b	0.94 ^a,b	0.053	<0.01	1.16	1.05	1.05	1.08	0.060	0.56
18:3 n-3	0.80 ^b	0.58 ^c	0.87 ^b	1.15 ^a	0.027	<0.001	0.76 ^b	0.67 ^c	0.71 ^b,c	0.93 ^a	0.025	<0.001	0.99	0.92	1.00	0.91	0.029	0.06
Total SFA ⁵	60.82	57.90	58.93	60.82	1.067	0.14	59.41	58.71	61.07	59.66	0.848	0.25	57.33	57.88	57.90	59.34	0.812	0.35
Total BCFA ⁶	2.40 ^a	2.03 ^b	2.33 ^a	2.23 ^a,b	0.066	<0.01	2.36 ^a	2.08 ^b	2.23 ^a,b	2.16 ^a,b	0.065	0.02	2.21	2.15	2.21	2.14	0.045	0.55
Total MUFA ⁷	32.82 ^a,b	36.15 ^a	35.00 ^a,b	32.17 ^b	1.048	0.03	34.76	34.92	33.15	33.67	0.797	0.33	35.46	35.30	35.03	33.96	0.732	0.48
Total PUFA ⁸	3.93 ^b	4.19 ^a,b	3.86 ^b	4.52 ^a	0.131	<0.01	3.76 ^a,b	3.95 ^a	3.45 ^b	3.92 ^a	0.097	<0.01	4.59	4.28	4.59	4.24	0.120	0.07
Total HUFA ⁹	0.41	0.36	0.42	0.41	0.021	0.22	0.43 ^a	0.35 ^b	0.40 ^a	0.40 ^a	0.018	0.03	0.46	0.46	0.50	0.43	0.019	0.10
Total n6	1.76 ^b	2.27 ^a	1.66 ^b	1.59 ^b	0.065	<0.001	1.67 ^a	1.75 ^a	1.35 ^b	1.42 ^b	0.043	<0.001	1.85	1.74	1.90	1.66	0.064	0.05
Total n3	1.06 ^b	0.77 ^c	1.15 ^b	1.44 ^a	0.032	<0.001	1.04 ^b	0.86 ^c	0.97 ^b	1.21 ^a	0.029	<0.001	1.30 ^a,b	1.22 ^b	1.35 ^a	1.21 ^b	0.033	0.01
Total CLA ¹⁰	1.04 ^b	1.10 ^a,b	0.97 ^b	1.33 ^a	0.072	0.01	1.00 ^b	1.28 ^a	1.05 ^b	1.16 ^a,b	0.055	<0.01	1.36	1.24	1.26	1.29	0.062	0.54
Unknown FA	1.25 ^a	0.77 ^b	1.06 ^a,b	0.86 ^b	0.085	<0.01	0.91	1.01	1.17	1.30	0.144	0.26	1.22	1.22	1.14	1.09	0.113	0.80

¹ Concentrate supplement without oilseed (control; CON), with the inclusion of whole unprocessed rapeseed (RPS), whole unprocessed cottonseed with lint (CTS) and whole unprocessed linseed (LNS). ² Spring period from wk 1–16 of the study, summer period from wk 17–22 of the study and autumn period from wk 23–27 of the study. ³ FA = fatty acids. ⁴ Values are for methane measurement in weeks 8 (spring) and 19 (summer) of the study. ⁵ SFA = saturated fatty acids. ⁶ BCFA = branched chain fatty acids. ⁷ MUFA = monounsaturated fatty acids. ⁸ PUFA = polyunsaturated fatty acids. ⁹ HUFA = highly unsaturated fatty acids (≥ 20 carbons and ≥ 3 double bonds). ¹⁰ CLA = conjugated linoleic acid. ^a–c = for each season means with different letters within rows are statistically different (p < 0.05).