Table 2. Comparison of the foot structure features of the studied women and men.

Variable		Women		Men		Mann–Whitney U test
		Mean ± SD	Me	Mean ± SD	Me
Foot length [cm]	rf	22.36 ± 1.12	22.55	24.40 ± 1.21	24.25	Z = −6.88; p < 0.001*
	lf	22.38 ± 1.10	22.50	24.42 ± 1.18	24.45	Z = −6.92; p < 0.001*
Foot width [cm]	rf	8.63 ± 0.56	8.70	9.22 ± 0.65	9.20	Z = −4.81; p < 0.001*
	lf	8.64 ± 0.59	8.60	9.23 ± 0.64	9.20	Z = −4.55; p < 0.001*
Clarke’s angle [°]	rf	32.86 ± 8.45	33.00	33.42 ± 9.69	35.50	Z = −0.54;p = 0.592
	lf	32.48 ± 7.51	32.00	33.24 ± 9.03	35.00	Z = −0.98; p = 0.328
Heel angle (γ) [°]	rf	16.14 ± 2.17	15.50	15.92 ± 1.76	15.00	Z = 0.32; p = 0.746
	lf	16.26 ± 2.40	15.00	15.68 ± 1.46	15.00	Z = 0.67; p = 0.504
Hallux valgus angle (α) [°]	rf	10.18 ± 7.45	9.00	9.84 ± 7.15	9.00	Z = 0.09; p = 0.931
	lf	10.38 ± 7.38	10.00	10.22 ± 6.05	9.00	Z = −0.10; p = 0.923
Angle of the varus deformity of the 5th digit [°]	rf	16.60 ± 6.52	17.00	16.26 ± 5.74	15.00	Z = 0.22; p = 0.822
	lf	15.04 ± 6.99	15.00	15.30 ± 5.63	15.00	Z =−0.11; p = 0.909

Notes.

rf, right foot; lf, left foot; Mean, arithmetical average value; SD, standard deviation; Me median; Z, value of the Mann–Whitney U test statistic; p, probability value.

^*α = 0.05.