Table 2.
Hypothesis test summary of differences between the CL/P and control groups, gender differences, and cleft severity differences in the CL/P using the Mann–Whitney U test
| Comparison of means between CL/P and control groups | Comparison of means between males and females in CL/P group | Comparison of means between participants with CL and CL/P in CL/P group | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CL/P group (n= 35) | Control group (n= 35) | Mann–Whitney U (p-value) | Males (n = 12) | Females (n = 23) | Mann–Whitney U (p-value) | CL (n = 8) | CL/P (n = 27) | Mann–Whitney U (p-value) | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | Median (SE) | Mean (SD) | Median (SE) | Mean (SD) | Median (SE) | Mean (SD) | Median (SE) | Mean (SD) | Median (SE) | Mean (SD) | Median (SE) | ||||
| Functional limitation | 1.39 (0.84) | 1.11 (0.14) | 1.29 (1.04) | 1.00 (0.2) | 698.0 (0.3) | 1.36 (0.92) | 1.11 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.8) | 1.33 (0.17) | 149.5 (0.69) | 0.73 (0.33) | 0.77 (0.11) | 1.58 (0.84) | 1.33 (0.16) | 181.5 (0.003*) |
| Physical pain | 1.26 (0.82) | 1.01 (0.14) | 1.25 (1.01) | 1.11 (0.17) | 633.5 (0.8) | 1.2 (0.84) | 1.17 (0.24) | 1.27 (0.83) | 1 (0.17) | 146.5 (0.77) | 0.77 (0.53) | 0.55 (0.18) | 1.38 (0.85) | 1.11 (0.16) | 158.5 (0.046*) |
| Psychological discomfort | 2.28 (1.05) | 2.2 (0.17) | 1.91 (1.45) | 1.8 (0.02) | 709.0 (0.26) | 2.3 (1.01) | 2.4 (0.3) | 2.25 (1.09) | 2.2 (0.23) | 130.5 (0.8) | 2.02 (0.93) | 2.1 (0.33) | 2.35 (1.08) | 2.4 (0.2) | 118.5 (0.7) |
| Physical disability | 1.22 (0.75) | 1.00 (0.13) | 0.8 (0.77) | 0.77 (0.13) | 814.5 (0.017*) | 1.33 (0.84) | 0.94 (0.24) | 1.16 (0.7) | 1.22 (0.15) | 127.00 (0.8) | 0.77 (0.22) | 0.83 (0.08) | 1.34 (0.79) | 1.22 (0.15) | 153.5 (0.07) |
| Psychological disability | 1.66 (1.2) | 1.16 (0.2) | 1.21 (1.19) | 0.83 (0.2) | 771.0 (0.06) | 1.86 (0.97) | 1.92 (0.3) | 1.56 (1.31) | 1.17 (0.27) | 109.50 (0.33) | 1.18 (0.96) | 0.91 (0.33) | 1.8 (1.24) | 1.66 (0.23) | 138.0 (0.25) |
| Social disability | 0.93 (1.02) | 0.6 (0.17) | 0.45 (0.69) | 0.2 (0.12) | 776.0 (0.046*) | 1.03 (0.62) | 0.9 (0.18) | 0.88 (1.19) | 0 (0.25) | 98.00 (0.17) | 0.4 (0.45) | 0.3 (0.16) | 1.08 (1.09) | 0.8 (0.21) | 147.0 (0.13) |
| Handicap | 0.72 (0.77) | 0.5 (0.13) | 0.56 (0.79) | 0.17 (0.13) | 749.5 (0.1) | 0.99 (0.66) | 0.75 (0.19) | 0.59 (0.8) | 0.33 (0.17) | 74.5 (0.026*) | 0.58 (0.51) | 0.5 (0.18) | 0.76 (0.83) | 0.5 (0.16) | 114.5 (0.8) |
| OHIP-49 total | 65.06 (38.1) | 50 (6.44) | 52.5 (42.3) | 44 (7.15) | 741.0 (0.13) | 69.0 (36.99) | 60.5 (10.68) | 63.0 (39.35) | 50 (8.2) | 121.50 (0.57) | 43.37 (22.4) | 40 (7.9) | 71.48 (39.7) | 54 (7.6) | 155.0 (0.07) |
Abbreviations: SD; standard deviation, SE; standard error of mean.
*Statistically significant at level 0.05 (2-tailed).