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. 2021 Oct 18;10(10):1638. doi: 10.3390/antiox10101638

Figure 1.

Figure 1

QA exhibits antiviral effects upon infection with HSV-1 in Vero cells. (A) Vero cells were treated with QA at the indicated concentration for 48 h (left). Vero cells were infected with HSV-1 strains (MOI = 0.01) for 2 h and then treated with QA at the indicated concentrations for 48 h (right). Cell viability was measured by the CCK-8 assay. (B) Vero cells were infected with HSV GFP (MOI = 2) for 2 h and then treated with QA (50 and 100 μg/mL) for 48 h. HSV-GFP expression levels were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy (left) and flow cytometry (right). (C) Effects of QA treatment on HSV-1 infection and viral growth in plaques. Vero cells were treated with QA after HSV-1 strain (MOI = 0.01) infection and cells were incubated with medium 50 or 100 µg/mL of QA for 96 h after viral infection at 37 °C. The data are representative of three independent experiments and quantified as mean values ± SEM. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test; # p < 0.05, ### p < 0.001, compared with the control. *** p < 0.001, compared with the HSV-1treatment. MOI, multiplicity of infection; PFU, plaque-forming units.