Figure 3.

BPA induces the PERK/ATF4/CHOP branch of the UPR. (A) RT qPCR of control and 5 days BPA MAEC showing endothelial mRNA expression of PERK, IRE, ATF6, CHOP, and BIP. mRNA expression was normalized by β-actin. (B) MAEC were treated with 100 nM and 5 µM BPA for five days, and XBP-1 spliced form (XBP-1s) indicative of IRE1α activation, and CHOP protein expressions were measured by Western blot. β-actin was used as a loading control. Data represent media + SD of 4 independent experiments, each performed in duplicate. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 using Kruskal–Wallis test for the comparison between control and BPA-treated cells.