Table 1.
Levels of inflammatory cytokines in the culture supernatant of ARPE-19 cells incubated in the dark or under continuous light irradiation of a fluorescent lamp.
| Category | Dark | Light | p Value | Detection Range | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 20 | 18 | ||||||
| Detectable | Level | Detectable | Level | |||||
| Samples (%) | Mean ± SD (Median) | Samples (%) | Mean ± SD (Median) | |||||
| PDGF-BB | 0 (0) | 0 | 5 (27.8) | 0.69 ± 1.16 (0) | 5.83 × 10−3 | 0 | to | 26,155 |
| IL-1β | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 (0) | 0 | — | 0.33 | to | 6228 |
| IL-1ra | 16 (80.0) | 8.06 ± 4.69 (9.07) | 14 (77.8) | 10.5 ± 6.63 (11.5) | 0.100 | 4.97 | to | 132,198 |
| IL-2 | 2 (10.0) | 0.12 ± 0.36 (0) | 4 (22.2) | 0.30 ± 0.57 (0) | 0.128 | 0.54 | to | 18,791 |
| IL-4 | 1 (5.0) | 0.08 ± 0.34 (0) | 2 (11.1) | 0.15 ± 0.44 (0) | 0.279 | 0.80 | to | 4272 |
| IL-5 | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 (0) | 0 | — | 1.61 | to | 5381 |
| IL-6 | 20 (100) | 120.2 ± 63.3 (98.9) | 18 (100) | 70.0 ± 38.4 (56.6) | 0.003 | 1.39 | to | 21,699 |
| IL-7 | 20 (100) | 3.89 ± 0.42 (3.89) | 18 (100) | 3.39 ± 0.71 (3.32) | 0.005 | 0.49 | to | 11,208 |
| IL-8 | 20 (100) | 151.3 ± 39.9 (140.5) | 18 (100) | 112.1 ± 23.1 (110.3) | 4.18 × 10−4 | 1.38 | to | 25,457 |
| IL-9 | 19 (95.0) | 4.18 ± 1.64 (4.12) | 18 (100) | 8.17 ± 2.35 (8.89) | 2.31 × 10−75 | 1.35 | to | 9686 |
| IL-10 | 16 (80.0) | 2.47 ± 1.32 (2.88) | 17 (94.4) | 2.78 ± 0.82 (2.93) | 0.196 | 2.17 | to | 34,225 |
| IL-12 | 20 (100) | 47.2 ± 5.57 (47.0) | 18 (100) | 46.6 ± 3.59 (46.3) | 0.351 | 2.33 | to | 35,172 |
| IL-13 | 7 (35.0) | 0.84 ± 1.19 (0) | 2 (11.1) | 0.25 ± 0.72 (0) | 0.038 | 0.32 | to | 8051 |
| IL-15 | 20 (100) | 3.68 ± 1.27 (3.78) | 17 (94.4) | 3.95 ± 1.18 (4.14) | 0.250 | 1.50 | to | 6322 |
| IL-17A | 16 (80.0) | 11.3 ± 6.51 (13.8) | 17 (94.4) | 19.6 ± 10.0 (23.0) | 0.002 | 1.82 | to | 32,080 |
| Eotaxin | 3 (15.0) | 1.54 ± 3.86 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 | 0.050 | 0 | to | 25,602 |
| bFGF | 20 (100) | 30.7 ± 10.4 (29.6) | 18 (100) | 116.4 ± 31.5 (130.6) | 6.50 × 10−145 | 2.90 | to | 3719 |
| G-CSF | 19 (95.0) | 3.17 ± 1.05 (3.49) | 15 (83.3) | 3.49 ± 1.52 (3.92) | 0.227 | 1.67 | to | 8005 |
| GM-CSF | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 (0) | 0 | — | 2.62 | to | 13,998 |
| IFN-γ | 7 (35.0) | 3.56 ± 5.31 (0) | 4 (22.2) | 1.47 ± 2.85 (0) | 0.073 | 4.57 | to | 23,703 |
| IP-10 | 19 (95.0) | 24.4 ± 17.9 (18.3) | 15 (83.3) | 25.8 ± 17.9 (20.8) | 0.404 | 11.0 | to | 37,606 |
| MCP-1 | 20 (100) | 1652.5 ± 392.0 (1688.1) | 18 (100) | 1229.9 ± 396.3 (1208.7) | 0.001 | 1.52 | to | 19,447 |
| MIP-1α | 6 (30.0) | 0.39 ± 0.62 (0) | 2 (11.1) | 0.14 ± 0.40 (0) | 0.077 | 0.05 | to | 1083 |
| MIP-1β | 1 (5.0) | 0.05 ± 0.23 (0) | 1 (5.6) | 0.07 ± 0.30 (0) | 0.418 | 0.29 | to | 3679 |
| RANTES | 0 (0) | 0 | 1 (5.6) | 0.14 ± 0.59 (0) | 0.149 | 1.83 | to | 5365 |
| TNFα | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 (0) | 0 | — | 3.26 | to | 20,533 |
| VEGF-A | 20 (100) | 3963.8 ± 726.1 (4102.0) | 18 (100) | 3896.7 ± 553.1 (4043.5) | 0.376 | 2.42 | to | 38,721 |
Cytokine levels are presented in units of pg/mL. Cytokines with significant differences are shown in bold. p value: cytokine level in dark culture vs. light-irradiated culture.