Regulatory effect of ECE and DK on serum Ang II, AT1R, and ROS production in the muscle of SHRs. (A) The Ang II level in serum increased following SHR/water and decreased following ECE or DK treatment; (B) the expression levels of AT1R mRNA in muscle increased following SHR/water and decreased following ECE or DK treatment. The mRNA levels were measured by qRT-PCR, normalized versus actb, and expressed relative to the WKY/water group levels. (C) The NADP+/NADPH ratio in muscle was increased following SHR/water and decreased following ECE or DK treatment. (D) The expression levels of protein in ROS production (Nox1, NoxX2, and Nox4) in muscle were increased in SHR/water groups and decreased in ECE- or DK-treated groups via immunoblotting. (E) The SOD activity in the muscle decreased following SHR/water and increased following ECE or DK treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SD. For each of the 4 groups. n = 5. **, p < 0.01, vs. WKY/water; $, p < 0.05 and $$, p < 0.01, vs. SHR/water; #, p < 0.05 and ##, p < 0.01, vs. SHR/ECE (Mann–Whitney U test). AT1R, angiotensin II type 1 receptor; DK, dieckol; ECE, Ecklonia cava extract; NADP, nicotinamide-adenin-dinucleotide phosphate; NADPH, NADP hydrogen; Nox, NADPH oxidase; SHR, spontaneously hyper-tensive rat; SOD, superoxide dismutase; WKY, Wistar Kyoto rat.