Table 1.
Classic NO donors.
| No Donor | Class | Clinical Uses | Clinical Limitations | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) | Inorganic donor | -Vasodilation in hypertensive crisis and cardiovascular emergencies, such as angina pectoris and heart failure -Hypotensive control during surgery |
-Formation of CN−
-Reflex tachycardia -Endothelial dysfunction -Tolerance |
[38,123,131,132,133,134,135,136] |
| Molsidomine | Sydnonimines | -Vasodilation in patients with artery disease -Antianginal effects |
-Despite an improvement in the long-term angiographic result after angioplasty, it induced no effect on clinical outcome | [200,202,207,209] |
| Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) | Organic nitrate | -Antianginal effect (reduction in the preload by peripheral vasodilation and dilation of the epicardial coronary artery) and reduction in systemic BP -Increase in oxygen supply due to dilation of both non- and atherosclerotic coronary arteries |
-Small oral bioavailability -Endothelial dysfunction -Tolerance -Increases oxidative stress -Increases autocrine endothelin expression -Induces supersensitivity to vasoconstrictors |
[143,144,145,146,167,181,182,183] |
| Isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN) | Organic nitrate | -Vasodilation for the treatment of angina pectoris -Vasodilation of coronary arteries |
-Short effect, despite the oral bioavailability -Endothelial dysfunction -Therapy of post-infarct leads to an increased rate of coronary events -Increases oxidative stress -Increases autocrine endothelin expression; -Supersensitivity to vasoconstrictors |
[143,144,145,146] |
| Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) | Organic nitrate | -Vasodilation for the treatment of angina pectoris -Vasodilation of coronary arteries |
-Short effect, despite the oral bioavailability | [143,145,146] |
| Pentaerythrityl tetranitrate (PETN) | Organic nitrate | -Improvement in pulmonary hypertension beyond reduction in the preload -Treatment of ischemic heart diseases -Does not induce tolerance |
-Little oral bioavailability | [143,144,145,146,195] |
| Nicorandil | -Vasodilation for chronic stable angina | -Short effect, despite the oral bioavailability | [142,143,144,145,146] |