CS1-CAR-T cells target CS1-positive target cells. (A) The structure of CS1-CAR constructs. A TM-transmembrane domain, CD28 or 41BB costimulatory domain, and CD3 activation domain were used. (B) CS1-CAR-T cells expressed CS1 scFv as detected by FACS with anti-mouse F(ab)’2 antibody. (C) CS1-CD28-CD3 CAR-T cells killed CHO-CS1 target cells and did not kill CHO cells. (D) CS1-CAR-T cells killed Hela-CS1 and not Hela cells. (E) CS1-CAR-T cells secreted higher levels of IFN-gamma than T cells alone with CHO-CS1 cells, * p < 0.05, Student’s t-test. (F) CS1-CAR-T cells secreted significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma with Hela-CS1 cells, * p < 0.05 versus T cells. (G) CS1-41BB-CD3 CAR-T cells secreted IFN-gamma with multiple myeloma MM1S cells, * p < 0.05 versus T cells and Mock CAR-T cells.