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. 2021 Oct 4;11(10):1457. doi: 10.3390/biom11101457

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Estimated total annual cost of helminth infections on ruminant livestock production in 18 European and neighbour countries, Annual cost of ruminant industry selected countries estimated at €1.8 billion. Eighty-one percent of this cost is claimed by loss of production and rest due to treatment cost associated with helminth infections. FR = France, UK = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, IE = Republic of Ireland, DE = Germany, NL = Netherlands, RO = Romania, ES = Spain, PL = Poland, IT = Italy, SE = Sweden, BE = Belgium, NO = Norway, AT = Austria, TU = Tunisia, PT = Portugal, LT = Lithuania, MK = North Macedonia, IL = Israel (Adapted from Charlier et al., 2020 [27]).