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. 2021 Oct 12;10(10):1030. doi: 10.3390/biology10101030

Figure 9.

Figure 9

Thebiosynthetic gene clusters involved in the antagonistic activity of KKD1, FZB42 and KKLW. Detection of the gene clusters devoted to the synthesis of secondary metabolites was accomplished with antiSMASH 6.0. The genome of B. halotolerans KKD1 contains the gene clusters for the non-ribosomal synthesis of surfactin (NRPS), fengycin/plipastatin (NRPS), bacillibactin (NRPS), and bacilysin (other). Trans-AT-polyketide-synthases (PKS) type I accomplish the non-ribosomal synthesis of bacillaene. Chalcone/stilbene synthesis is accomplished by type III polyketide synthase (T3PKS). Additional gene clusters involved in the non-ribosomal synthesis of secondary metabolites are present in B. velezensis FZB42 and KKLW: bacillomycin D (NRPS), macrolactin (PKS), and difficidin (PKS). Ribosomal synthesis of peptides with antagonistic action against competing microorganisms occurs in KKD1, such as subtilosin, and uncharacterized lanthipeptide II. FZB42 and KKLW are characterized by ribosomal synthesis of RiPPs amylocyclicin and plantazolicin, which were previously described in B. velezensis FZB42.