Figure 2.

The diameter (d, nm) (a) and the ζ-potential (b) of the DOPG/CHOL (80/20 mol%) liposomes before and after addition of 20 mM CaCl₂ to unmodified vesicles and liposomes pretreated by 400 μM of cotinine, melatonin, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, lupinine, piperine, hordenine, or 40 μM of tabersonine. *—p ≤ 0.01, **—p ≤ 0.05 (Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon’s test, untreated liposomes vs. vesicles in the presence of CaCl₂ or/and alkaloids).