Table 1.
The parameters characterized the effects of alkaloids on the calcein release caused by the calcium-mediated fusion of liposomes composed of DOPG/CHOL (80/20 mol%) and DOPC/DOPG/CHOL (40/40/20 mol%).
| DOPG/CHOL | DOPC/DOPG/CHOL | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alkaloid | RFS, % | t1, min | t2, min | RFS, % | t1, min | t2, min |
| CaCl2 | 92 ± 7 | 9 ± 2 | 68 ± 6 | 82 ± 1 | 5 ± 3 | 51 ± 12 |
| 3,9-dimethylxanthine | 96 ± 2 | 2 ± 1 * | 20 ± 1 * | 69 ± 7 | 2 ± 1 | 82 ± 21 |
| caffeine | 94 ± 5 | 3 ± 2 | 38 ± 20 | 65 ± 8* | 1 ± 1 | 94 ± 22 |
| 7-(β-hydroxyethyl)theophylline | 94 ± 6 | 3 ± 1 | 36 ± 1 * | 75 ± 1 | 1 ± 1 | 75 ± 31 |
| colchicine | 94 ± 4 | 1 ± 1 * | 7 ± 1 * | 87 ± 3 | 2 ± 1 | 14 ± 1 * |
| pentoxifylline | 92 ± 6 | 2 ± 1 * | 36 ± 13 | 64 ± 8 * | 1 ± 1 | 60 ± 14 |
| cotinine | 87 ± 12 | 7 ± 2 | 46 ± 6 ** | 68 ± 2 * | 3 ± 1 | 20 ± 9 * |
| 1,7-dimethylxanthine | 85 ± 3 | 8 ± 4 | 33 ± 5 * | 60 ± 15 | 1 ± 1 | 64 ± 30 |
| atropine | 81 ± 6 | 7 ± 1 | 50 ± 9 ** | 52 ± 6 * | 8 ± 1 | 119 ± 9 * |
| theophylline | 79 ± 8 | 7 ± 3 | 61 ± 19 | 83 ± 2 | 11 ± 1 | 97 ± 7 * |
| melatonin | 76 ± 9 | 10 ± 1 | 119 ± 24 * | 84 ± 8 | 5 ± 3 | 51 ± 28 |
| berberine | 74 ± 11 | 2 ± 1 * | 27 ± 6 * | 92 ± 6 | 5 ± 2 | 33 ± 13 |
| dihydrocapsaicin | 67 ± 2 * | 7 ± 1 | 48 ± 21 | 56 ± 4 * | 2 ± 1 | 24 ± 11 |
| capsaicin | 53 ± 9 * | 2 ± 1 * | 14 ± 2 * | 56 ± 2 * | 3 ± 1 | 14 ± 5 * |
| synephrine | 46 ± 20 * | 5 ± 1 | 85 ± 12 | 77 ± 5 | 12 ± 4 | 64 ± 30 |
| 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine | 32 ± 12 * | 3 ± 1 * | 68 ± 12 | 84 ± 4 | 9 ± 1 | 80 ± 24 |
| quinine | 27 ± 4 * | 3 ± 1 ** | 118 ± 23 ** | 66 ± 3 * | 3 ± 1 | 27 ± 10 |
| piperine | 27 ± 10 * | 2 ± 1 * | 27± 11 ** | 24 ± 1 * | 2 ± 1 | 8 ± 2 * |
| tabersonine | 21 ± 7 * | 2 ± 1 * | 11 ± 2 * | 1 ± 1 * | – & | – & |
| hordenine | 20 ± 16 * | 1 ± 1 * | 17 ± 6 * | 82 ± 4 | 4 ± 3 | 50 ± 17 |
| lupinine | 13 ± 10 * | 1 ± 1 * | 90 ± 12 | 38 ± 4 * | 6 ± 3 | 42 ± 3 |
RFS—the maximum leakage of fluorescent marker caused by the fusion of liposomes composed of DOPG/CHOL (80/20 mol%) and DOPC/DOPG/CHOL (40/40/20 mol%) mediated by 20 and 40 mM CaCl2 respectively. Liposomes have been incubated with 400 μM of alkaloids (except for 40 μM of tabersonine) for 30 min before the addition of CaCl2. t1 and t2—the time constants characterizing the fast (1) and slow (2) components of marker release kinetics (the time dependences of marker leakage were fitted by two-exponential functions). *—p ≤ 0.01, **—p ≤ 0.05 (Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon’s test, CaCl2 alone vs. CaCl2 + alkaloid). &—cannot be determined.