Table 1.
Demographics for COPD subjects and healthy non-smoking controls. Summaries are presented as percentages, Mean (SD) or median [range] as appropriate (n = 60 and 15, respectively *).
| Characteristic | COPD n = 60 |
Healthy Non-Smokers n = 15 |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (% Male) | 58.3 | 60.0 | 0.91 |
| Age | 64.9 (7.3) | 59.0 (10.4) | 0.02 |
| Smoking status (Current %) | 43.3 | 0.0 | n/a |
| Pack years | 43.9 (18.9) | n/a | n/a |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.4 (5.7) | 26.2 (3.2) | 0.12 |
| Retrospective Exacerbation rate (1-year period) | 1.1 (1.3) | n/a | n/a |
| 0 (%) | 41.6 | n/a | n/a |
| 1 (%) | 31.7 | n/a | n/a |
| ≥2 (%) | 26.7 | n/a | n/a |
| Prospective annualised exacerbation rate (annualised to a 1-year period) | 1.2 (1.8) | n/a | n/a |
| a FEV1 (L) | 1.8 (0.6) | 3.1 (0.8) | <0.01 |
| a FEV1 (%) | 66.7 (16.6) | 105.5 (11.9) | <0.01 |
| a FEV1/FVC Ratio (%) | 54.0 (11.3) | 75.9 (4.7) | <0.01 |
| GOLD Category (%) | |||
| 1 | 26.7 | n/a | n/a |
| 2 | 55.0 | n/a | n/a |
| 3 | 18.3 | n/a | n/a |
| 4 | 0 | n/a | n/a |
| CAT | 22.3 (5.6) | n/a | n/a |
| mMRC | 4.0 [2.0–4.0] | n/a | n/a |
| SGRQ-C (Total) | 54.2 (16.1) | n/a | n/a |
| Atopy (%) | 12.1 | 20.0 | 0.42 |
| Chronic bronchitis (%) | 83.3 | n/a | n/a |
| ICS Use (%) | 71.7 | n/a | n/a |
| LABA + LAMA + ICS (%) | 58.3 | n/a | n/a |
| LABA + LAMA (%) | 0.0 | n/a | n/a |
| ICS only (%) | 1.7 | n/a | n/a |
| LABA only (%) | 0.0 | n/a | n/a |
| LAMA only (%) | 15.0 | n/a | n/a |
| No inhaled medication (%) | 5.0 | n/a | n/a |
| Sputum characteristics | |||
| Sputum total cell count × 106/g | 8.25 [0.62–100.9] | 7.60 [2.81–20.48] | 0.39 |
| Sputum Neutrophil (%) | 69.13 [24.25–97.75] | 70.50 [37.50–88.50] | 0.32 |
| Sputum Eosinophil (%) | 1.00 [0.00–16.50] | 0.00 [0.00–4.25] | <0.01 |
| Sputum Lymphocyte (%) | 0.50 [0.00–4.75] | 0.50 [0.00–3.00] | 0.49 |
| Sputum Macrophage (%) | 21.00 [1.00–68.00] | 27.00 [6.25–58.50] | 0.17 |
| Sputum Epithelial Cells (%) | 1.63 [0.00–16.50] | 2.75 [0.00–14.25] | 0.35 |
| Sputum Neutrophil cell count × 106/g | 5.22 [0.32–98.08] | 5.04 [1.24–14.74] | 0.33 |
| Sputum Eosinophil cell count × 106/g | 0.08 [0.00–2.45] | 0.00 [0.00–0.79] | <0.01 |
| Sputum Lymphocyte cell count × 106/g | 0.03 [0.00–0.64] | 0.04 [0.00–0.33] | 0.92 |
| Sputum Macrophage cell count × 106/g | 1.28 [0.20–7.57] | 2.06 [0.38–5.53] | 0.30 |
| Sputum Epithelial cell count × 106/g | 0.16 [0.00–1.59] | 0.17 [0.00–1.42] | 0.78 |
| Total PPM Load (genome copies/mL) | 9.01 × 104 [0.00–1.58 × 108] | 1.31 × 105 [0.00–7.09 × 106] | 0.86 |
| HI Load (genome copies/mL) | 1.94 × 103 [0.00–1.58 × 108] | 1.05 × 103 [0.00–3.22 × 105] | 0.17 |
| SP Load (genome copies/mL) | 3.41 × 103 [0.00–1.82 × 107] | 2.52 × 104 [0.00–7.09 × 106] | 0.23 |
| MC Load (genome copies/mL) | 0.00 [0.00–9.22 × 106] | 0.00 [0.00–3.72 × 103] | 0.39 |
| PA Load (genome copies/mL) | 0.00 [0.00–5.88 × 106] | 0.00 [0.00–1.68 × 102] | 0.12 |
* The following data were missing for COPD subjects: 2 atopy status and due to insufficient sputum sample in the COPD patients, 7 sputum DCC and 18 bacterial qPCR data. a FEV1 (L and % predicted) are post-BD values for COPD and pre-BD values for HNS. BD, bronchodilator; BMI, body mass index; CAT, COPD assessment test; DCC, differential cell count; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; HI, Haemophilus influenzae; ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; LABA, long acting beta agonist; LAMA, long acting muscarinic antagonist; MC, Moraxella catarrhalis; mMRC, modified medical research council questionnaire; PPM, potentially pathogenic microorganism; PA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; SGRQ, St George’s respiratory questionnaire; SP, Streptococcus pneumoniae.