ECSW suppressed the protein levels of oxidative stress, apoptosis, fibrosis and mitochondrial damage in rat urinary bladder by day 42 after ketamine administration. (A) Protein expression of NOX-1, * vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p < 0.0001. (B) Protein expression of NOX-2, * vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p < 0.0001. (C) The oxidized protein expression, * vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p < 0.0001 (Note: The left and right lanes shown on the upper panel represent protein molecular weight marker and control oxidized molecular protein standard, respectively). M.W. = molecular weight; DNP = 1–3 dinitrophenylhydrazone. (D) Protein expression of cleaved caspase 3 (c-Casp3), * vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p < 0.0001. (E) Protein expression of cleaved Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (c-PARP), * vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p < 0.0001. (F) Protein expression of mitochondrial (mit)-Bax, * vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p < 0.0001. (G) Protein expression of Smad3, * vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p < 0.0001. (H) Protein expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß, * vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p < 0.0001. (I) Protein expression of cyclophilin D, * vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p < 0.0001. (J) Protein expression of cytosolic cytochrome c (cyt-CytC), * vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p < 0.0001. All statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison post hoc test (n = 6 for each group). Symbols (*, †, ‡, §) indicate significance (at 0.05 level). ECSW = extracorporeal shock wave.