Table 6.

Details of studies awaiting classification

Author	Type of publication	Design	Sample	Outcomes	Intervention
Allen (1981)	Report	Pre‐post design. It is unclear if the study uses random allocation of participants.	12 seventh grade teachers	Disciplinary referrals Corporal punishment School suspensions	Positive approach to discipline (PAD) is a system of classroom management, incorporating counselling, problem‐solving, and time‐out centres.
Forbes (1996)	Thesis	Pre‐post design. It is unclear if the study uses random allocation of participants.	900 students (grades six to eight)	School infractions Out‐of‐school suspension	Social skills training
Foster (2011)	Book	No information	African American boys in elementary classrooms	No information	Social Skills Curriculum
Gaines & Schram (2005)	Conference proceedings	Intervention is given to some students, but not to others. Unclear if it is RCT.	Middle and high school students	School absences Suspension/expulsion Disciplinary actions Attendance Grades	School Probation Officer Programme is aimed at identifying juveniles who may be at‐risk of engaging in delinquent behaviour
Gallegos (1998)	Book	Review of interventions	Unclear	Suspensions Expulsion Dropout school	Not given
Neise (1983)	Thesis	Two treatment groups and one control group. Unclear if they were randomly allocated in conditions	37 middle school students	The Devereaux Adolescent Behaviour Rating Scale (DABRS) The Behaviour Rating Scale (BRS) Seventh hour In‐school suspension Out‐of‐school suspension	Group counselling methods that used interpersonal problem solving strategies versus non‐directive counselling
Norris (2009)	Conference proceedings	Evaluation	Unclear	Suspension Expulsion	Restorative justice
Spillman (1993)	Thesis	Unclear	Ninth grade students	Achievement Motivation Attendance Suspension rate	Interdisciplinary teaming and parent contacts