Table 13.

Impact of school based interventions on internalising behaviours

Study	Sample	Measure	Statistical measures
Bradshaw 2012	N=12,334	Emotion regulation	Students in SWPBIS school fared better in comparison with control schools. (y=.05; t=2.38; p<.05)
Harding 2011	N=43	Emotional Symptoms (SDQ)	Negative effect, not statistically significant. SMD=‐.30 (95%CI ‐.3 to .91); p>.05
Russell 2007	N=61	Internalising problems	On page 20, Table 4, the author presents means, standard deviations and sample size for treatment and control group. The author asserts that intervention reduced antisocial behaviour. Based on our calculations, that reduction is not significant (SMD=.32; 95%CI ‐.14 to .79; p>.05)
Tilgham 1988	N=100	Anxiety	The definition of the measure suggests that anxiety is part of a composite measure. Impact of treatment on anxiety is unclear (p.49).
Wyman	N=226	Assertive vs. withdrawn	Measure is described as a measure of anxiety (e.g.,“Nervous, frightened”). The programme has a positive effect on the internalizing behaviour ES=.37 (.03 to .71).