Methods	A matched‐pair, clustered randomised controlled trial
Participants	624 elementary school students, nested in 14 schools 47% Male, 48% African‐American
Location	Chicago, United States
Interventions	Positive Action programme includes a K‐12 classroom curriculum involving six components: self‐concept, social and emotional positive actions for managing oneself responsibly, positive actions directed toward physical and mental health, honesty, getting along with others, and continually improving oneself. The programme also includes teacher, counsellor, family, and community training as well as activities directed toward school‐wide climate development.
Programme deliverer	School facilitators
Evaluator role	Design the programme
Outcomes	Support of aggression Bullying Disruptive behaviours Violence Disciplinary referrals Suspension
Length	One year
Assessment	Baseline (2004), post treatment (2005) plus multiple follow‐ups.
Attrition	5% post test
COI statement	Declared
CoFI	Likely. “The research described herein was done using the program, the training, and technical support of Positive Action, Inc., in which Dr. Flay's spouse holds a substantial financial interest. Issues regarding conflict of interest were reported to the relevant institutions and appropriately managed following the institutional guidelines.” (p.629)