Fig. 3.

Chronological cellular and molecular consequences of ischemic stroke and the associated processes involved in neuroprotection.Following ischemic stroke, there is rapid generation of excitotoxicity, necrosis, oxidative, and nitrosative stress in the core of stroke. Later on (hours up to few days), there is apoptosis, neuroinflammation, bioenergy catastrophe, BBB permeabilization, and still oxidative and nitrosative stress, which are more associated with penumbra area of stroke