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. 2021 Oct 22;59(1):294–325. doi: 10.1007/s12035-021-02585-6

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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

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Fig. 5 — A Pathways and gene expression that are altered by limb pre-RIC following ischemic stroke and that are related to neuroprotection in experimental models.There is a timeline with the altered pathways and gene expression that occurs when limb RIC is applied before the ischemic stroke (pre-RIC) in comparison with ischemic stroke without RIC. When pre-RIC is induced up to 1h before ischemic stroke, the altered events are represented in the upper part of the figure. In the lower part of the figure, there are the events occurring when pre-RIC is induced between 1h and 3 days before ischemic stroke. In the right hand side, the required conditions for pre-RIC to protect the brain against ischemic stroke are described. The altered pathways and different gene expressions are described accordingly with brain region that is represented by different colors. The reference number is described in Tables 1 and 2. The used symbols are for upregulated/increased and for downregulated/reduced. B Pathways and gene expression that are altered by limb per- and post-RIC following ischemic stroke and that are related to neuroprotection in experimental models.There is a timeline with the altered pathways and gene expression that occurs when limb RIC is applied after the ischemic insult before reperfusion (per-RIC) and after ischemia and reperfusion up to 1h (rapid post-RIC) or at later stages (post-RIC). In all three cases, alterations in pathways and gene expression are compared with ischemic stroke without RIC treatment. In the right hand side, the required conditions for per- and post-RIC to protect the brain against ischemic stroke are described. The altered pathways and different gene expressions are described accordingly with brain region that is represented by different colors. The reference number is described in Tables 1 and 2. The used symbols are for upregulated/increased and for downregulated/reduced

Fig. 5 — A Pathways and gene expression that are altered by limb pre-RIC following ischemic stroke and that are related to neuroprotection in experimental models.There is a timeline with the altered pathways and gene expression that occurs when limb RIC is applied before the ischemic stroke (pre-RIC) in comparison with ischemic stroke without RIC. When pre-RIC is induced up to 1h before ischemic stroke, the altered events are represented in the upper part of the figure. In the lower part of the figure, there are the events occurring when pre-RIC is induced between 1h and 3 days before ischemic stroke. In the right hand side, the required conditions for pre-RIC to protect the brain against ischemic stroke are described. The altered pathways and different gene expressions are described accordingly with brain region that is represented by different colors. The reference number is described in Tables 1 and 2. The used symbols are for upregulated/increased and for downregulated/reduced. B Pathways and gene expression that are altered by limb per- and post-RIC following ischemic stroke and that are related to neuroprotection in experimental models.There is a timeline with the altered pathways and gene expression that occurs when limb RIC is applied after the ischemic insult before reperfusion (per-RIC) and after ischemia and reperfusion up to 1h (rapid post-RIC) or at later stages (post-RIC). In all three cases, alterations in pathways and gene expression are compared with ischemic stroke without RIC treatment. In the right hand side, the required conditions for per- and post-RIC to protect the brain against ischemic stroke are described. The altered pathways and different gene expressions are described accordingly with brain region that is represented by different colors. The reference number is described in Tables 1 and 2. The used symbols are for upregulated/increased and for downregulated/reduced