Included	Excluded
Intervention: intervention in CPD in the three topic areas (education, social welfare, crime and justice). CPD includes, but is not restricted to: focused supervision; feedback; team work or other kinds of training/PD approaches; literacy and language teaching skills, problem solving teaching skills, socioemotional development skills and other CPD content	Intervention: does not have a CPD component; initial training intervention/PD (e.g., initial teacher training)
Outcomes: primary: educational, social welfare and crime and justice outcomes for children and young people; secondary: any intermediate outcomes on children and young people such as at‐risk behaviours; family outcomes; any outcomes for practitioners that are focused on improving any aspect of professional practice	Outcomes not related to education, social welfare and crime and justice. Practitioner outcomes not focused on improving professional practice, for example, higher job satisfaction
Studies were only included if they included at least one valid and reliable outcome that had been standardised on a different population *[and was “objective”, that is, not “experimenter‐designed” and not self‐reported]	*[“Experimenter designed” outcomes]
	*[Self‐reported outcomes]