Table 6.

Immune escape mechanisms and EBV-encoded gene products involved.

Component	Gene Product	Mechanism	Reference
HLA class I	BGLF5	degradation of HLA class I	[235,245]
	BNLF2a	inhibition of peptide transport by blocking	[233,240,241]
	BILF1	impaired HLA class I export increased turnover of HLA class I surface molecules	[234,237,238,275]
	BCRF1 (vIL-10)	inhibition of HLA class I	[251]
	EBNA1	disruption of peptide generation and transport	[239]
	EBNA2	inhibition of peptide generation and presentation	[243]
HLA class II	gp42 (BZLF2)	block of TCR/HLA class II interaction	[246,247]
	BGLF5	degradation of HLA class II	[245]
	Zta	inhibition of CIITA promoter activity, posttranscriptional regulation by impairing function of the invariant chain	[248]
	BCRF1 (vIL-10)	inhibition of HLA class II expression	[276]
Checkpoints	LMP1	induction of soluble PD-L1	[277]
TLR/NF-ĸB pathway	BGLF5	downregulation of TLR-2 and -9	[245]
	BZLF1	inhibition of NF-ĸB	[278]
	BGLF4	suppression of NF-ĸB activity	[279]
	BPLF1	inhibition of NF-ĸB activation by reversion of ubiquitination of TLR signaling	[280,281]
	EBNA1	inhibition of NF-ĸB	[282]
	LMP1	reduction of TLR-9	[283]
	LMP2	inhibition of NF-ĸB	[284]
IRFs/IFN type I signaling	BZLF1	inhibition of IRF7 transcriptional activity; reduction of IFN-ƴ receptor	[271,285]
	BILF4	inhibition of IRF7	[286]
	BGLF4	inhibition of IRF3	[287]
	BRLF1	reduction of IRF3 and IRF7 expression	[288]
	EBNA1	modulation of STAT1 signaling	[289]
	EBNA-2	inhibition of ISGs	[290,291]
	LMP-1	regulation of STAT1	[292]
	LMP-2a	inhibition of JAK/STAT signaling, acceleration of IFN receptor turnover	[293]
	LMP-2b	acceleration of IFN receptor degradation	[293]