. 2021 Sep 29;10(10):2593. doi: 10.3390/cells10102593

Table 2.

Ultrastructural evaluation by electron microscopy of duodenal biopsies in IBS-like patients A qualitative score (++ = marked presence; + = presence; - = absence) was provided for widened junctional complexes, autophagy, apoptosis, altered mitochondria, lipid drops, chylomicrons, and mast cells. Legend: CTRL, control patients; JC, junctional complexes; NCGS, non-celiac gluten sensitivity; Ni ACM, Nickel allergic contact mucositis; tCD, treated celiac disease; uCD, untreated celiac disease; WA, wheat allergy. * microvilli length and inter-microvillar distance in uCD patients have been measured in those portions of epithelium surface not involved by total microvillar atrophy.

Transmission Electron Microscopy
Groups	Gender	Age	Symptoms	Microvilli			JC	Auto Phagy	Apo Ptosis	Altered Mitochondria	Lipid Drops	Chylomicrons	Mast Cells
Groups	Gender	Age	Symptoms	Length	Distance	Regularity
(A) uCD				931.00 ± 30 *	249 ± 10 *
pt n.1	F	20	diarrhea, anemia			atrophic/irregular and loosely packed	see graph	++	-	-	-	-	++
pt n.2	F	63	constipation, epigastralgia, heartburn			atrophic/irregular and loosely packed		++	-	-	-	-	+
pt n.3	M	34	Abdominal swelling, diarrhea			atrophic/irregular and loosely packed		++	-	+	-	-	-
pt n.4	F	25	abdominal pain, swelling, heartburn, asthenia			atrophic/irregular and loosely packed		+	-	-	-	-	++
pt n.5	F	41	abdominal pain, swelling, nausea, vomiting, headache			atrophic/irregular and loosely packed		++	-	-	-	-	+
(B) tCD				1439.10 ± 69	66.55 ± 7
pt n.1	F	51	asymptomatic			regular butlooselypacked	See graph	++	-	+	-	-	-
pt n.2	M	39	acid regurgitation, headache			regular and tightly-packed		++	-	-	-	-	-
pt n.3	F	21	asymptomatic			regular and tightly-packed		+	-	-	-	-	-
pt n.4	F	31	asymptomatic			regular and tightly-packed		++	-	-	-	-	-
pt n.5	M	64	abdominal swelling, flatulence			regular and tightly-packed		+	-	-	-	-	-
(C) WA				1427.09 ± 71	46.23 ± 8
pt n.1	F	23	diarrhea, abdominal pain, swelling, anemia, headache			regular and packed	see graph	++	-	+	-	+	-
pt n.2	F	28	abdominal pain, diarrhea			regular and packed		++	-	+	-	+	+
pt n.3	F	41	diarrhea, abdominal swelling, atopic dermatitis			regular and tightly-packed		++	-	-	-	+	+
pt n.4	M	65	diarrhea, abdominal bloating, asthenia, headache			regular and packed		++	-	+	-	+	+
pt n.5	M	33	Abdominal swelling, asthenia			regular and tightly-packed		++	-	+	-	-	+
(D) NCGS				1120.69 ± 60	77.59 ± 12
pt n.1	F	52	abdominal pain, swelling, diarrhea, asthenia			regular and packed	see graph	+	+	+	+	-	-
pt n.2	M	35	abdominal pain, swelling			regular and packed		+	+	+	-	-	-
pt n.3	F	38	heartburn, nausea, headache, foggy mind			regular and loosely-packed		++	+	+	+	-	-
pt n.4	F	28	abdominal pain, swelling, asthenia, alopecia			regular and packed		+	-	+	+	-	-
pt n.5	F	22	abdominal pain, swelling, diarrhea			regular and tightly-packed		++	+	-	+	-	-
(E) Ni ACM				1042.29 ± 42	102.30 ± 10
pt n.1	M	33	abdominal pain, diarrhea, heartburn			irregular and packed	see graph	++	+	+	+	-	+
pt n.2	F	21	abdominal pain, swelling, constipation			regular and packed		+	-	+	-	-	-
pt n.3	F	30	abdominal pain, swelling			irregular and packed		++	+	+	+	-	+
pt n.4	F	45	abdominal pain, swelling, constipation			irregular and packed		++	+	+	+	-	+
pt n.5	F	52	abdominal pain, swelling, diarrhea, asthenia, anemia			irregular and packed		++	+	+	+	-	+
(F) CTRL				1799.75 ± 49	9.6 ± 1
pt n.1	F	20	GERD and dyspepsia			regular and tightly-packed	see graph	-	-	-	-	-	-
pt n.2	F	30	GERD and dyspepsia			regular and tightly-packed		-	-	-	-	-	-
pt n.3	M	45	GERD and dyspepsia			regular and tightly-packed		-	-	-	-	-	+
pt n.4	F	59	GERD and dyspepsia			regular and tightly-packed		-	-	-	-	-	-
pt n.5	M	43	GERD and dyspepsia			regular and packed		+	-	-	-	-	-