Figure 2.
Activation of the HPA axis including the role of the amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. The amygdala stimulates the HPA axis through NE and 5-HT neurotransmission and attenuates the negative feedback exerted by glucocorticoids, leading to a decrease in GRs in the hippocampal area. Glucocorticoids stimulate (through GR) the prefrontal cortex which attenuates the negative feedback to HPA-axis.