Table A10.

Vision loss: exudative macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy—Rev [205,206].

Human retinal cell culture: HCys induces production of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor). Plasma HCys correlates with VEGF-concentration in vitreous humor

Direct correlation between plasma HCys level and risk of macular degeneration. Significantly higher plasma HCys levels in exudative macular degeneration than in dry macular degeneration and controls. Intervention study: three B-vitamins versus placebo for 7 years in 5000 subjects: 34% less macular degeneration. Diabetes mellitus: in patients significantly higher HCys levels in serum, vitreous humor and retina.