Table A14.
Additional hand-searched animal studies; abbreviations: WT: wild type, Tg: transgenic, B-vit. def.: deficiency in B-vitamins (and related substances), Met suppl.: supplementation of L-methionine, CBS: cystathionine β-synthase, MTHFR: methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, GAA: guanidinoacetate.
| Strategy to Induce HHCys | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diet/Drinking Water | Injection | Genetic Manipulation | Maternal HHCys Impact | Others | Investigated Biological Matrix | ||||||||||||||
| Publication | Animal Species | B-vit. def. | Met suppl. | HCys suppl. | Others | HCys | Others | CBS | MTHFR | Others | Blood Levels (µM): ↑HCys vs. Control/Baseline Data (Where Applicable) | Plasma | Serum | Brain Tissue | CSF | Urine | Liver Tissue | ||
| [305] | mouse | 6.5 vs. 5.1 1 (offspring) | |||||||||||||||||
| [85] | mouse | 243.7 vs. 4.6 (B-vit. def.); 86 vs. 4.6 (B-vit. def. + Met suppl.) |
|||||||||||||||||
| [306] | mouse | 349 vs. n.a. | |||||||||||||||||
| [307] | pig | 72.33 vs. 10.53 | |||||||||||||||||
| [308] | rat | 34.1 vs. 15.1 | |||||||||||||||||
| [309] | mouse | 383.6 vs. n.a. | |||||||||||||||||
| [310] | mouse | 19 vs. 10 (genetic); 16 vs. 10 (diet, WT);40 vs. 19 (diet, Tg) 1 |
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| [311] | rat | 45 vs. 15 (Met suppl.); 65 vs. 15 (GAA) 1 |
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| [312] | mouse | 9 vs. 1.5 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| [313] | mouse | 51.8 vs. 3.0 (Met suppl.); 21.4 vs. 3.0 (HCys suppl.) |
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| [95] | rat | 140 vs. 20 (diet); 68 vs. 15 (injection) 1 |
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| [314] | mouse | 3.8 vs. 3.7 (genetic); 40.7 vs. 3.7 (diet, WT); 140.3 vs. 6.8 (diet, Tg) |
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| [315] | mouse | 23.5 vs. 4.1 | |||||||||||||||||
| [209] | mouse | 4.0 vs. 3.38 | |||||||||||||||||
| [86] | mouse | 4.5 vs. 3 (genetic); 4.4 vs. 3 (Met suppl., WT); 8.4 vs. 3 (B-vit. def., WT); 9.5 vs. 3 (Met suppl. + B-vit. def., WT) 1 |
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| [316] | rabbit | 20.3 vs. 12.3 | |||||||||||||||||
| [317] | mouse | 242 vs. 13 | |||||||||||||||||
| [318] | mouse | 8.2 vs. 4.0 | |||||||||||||||||
| [319] | mouse | 53.6 vs. 9.46 (Met suppl.); 51.4 vs. 9.46 (HCys suppl.) |
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| [107] | mouse | 24.5 vs. 2.6 | |||||||||||||||||
| [320] | rat | 19.5 vs. 6.15 | |||||||||||||||||
| [321] | rat | 500 vs. n.a. | |||||||||||||||||
| [322] | mouse | 8.3 vs. 5.0 (genetic); 17.2 vs. 5.0 diet, WT); 21.2 vs. 17.2 (diet, Tg) |
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| [323] | mouse | 6.3 vs. 4.1 (genetic); 13.0 vs. 4.1 (diet, WT); 23.9 vs. 6.3 (diet, Tg) |
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| [88] | rat | 15.5 vs. 10.5 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| [89] | rat | 23.6 vs. 11.0 | |||||||||||||||||
| [324] | monkey | 10.6 vs. 4.0 | |||||||||||||||||
| [325] | mouse | 13.5 vs. 6.1 (heterozygous); 203.6 vs. 6.1 (homozygous) |
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| [326] | monkey | 157 vs. 1 | |||||||||||||||||
1: Estimated from graph; levels not exactly reported in the study.