Table 5.

Detailed information of models using the CNN.

Author (Year)	Database	Preprocessing	Results
Dongya et al. (2018) [68]	PhysioNet 2018	Welch algorithm	AUPRC = 0.114
Varga et al. (2018) [69]	PhysioNet 2018	68 features	AUPRC = 0.42
Patane et al. (2018) [70]	PhysioNet 2018	Filter, data augmentation	AUPRC =0.40
Miller et al. (2018) [92]	PhysioNet 2018	-	AUPRC = 0.37
Zabihi et al. (2018) [71]	PhysioNet 2018	-	AUPRC = 0.31
Olesen et al. (2020) [47]	National Sleep Research Resource	Resampled, baseline model	F1-score = 0.682
Zhou et al. (2020) [93]	PhysioNet 2018	Re-sample, Fourier transform	AUPRC= 0.39
Jia et al. (2020) [48]	Beijing Tongren Hospital	Down-sampled	Recall = 86.0%

KSS = Karolinska sleepiness scale, F1-score = harmonic mean of precision and recall.