Table 2.
Characterisation of EVs.
| Article | EV Purification | EV Dimensions | EV Biomarkers | Imaging | Active Component |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shi et al. [25] | Conditioned media concentrated by several centrifugation and ultracentrifugation, then passed through a 0.22 μm filter. | qNano Gold: 70–600 nm in diameter. | CD9, CD63, HSP70 | TEM | Not assessed |
| Shen et al. [26] | “Conditioned media concentrated by several centrifugation and ultracentrifugation, then passed through a 0.22 μm filter. | qNano Gold: Mode diameter of iEVs and EVs were 108 ± 2 nm and 113 ± 3 nm, respectively. | CD9, CD63 | TEM | Not assessed |
| Yu et al. [27] | Conditioned media concentrated by several centrifugation and ultracentrifugation. | NTA with ZetaView: 101.1 ± 50.6 nm in diameter | CD9, ALIX, TSG101 | TEM | Not assessed |
| Shi et al. [28] | Conditioned media concentrated by several ultracentrifugation steps. | NTA with ZetaView: average diameter 120.3 nm; peak of size distribution 127.1 nm | CD81, TSG101, CD9 | TEM | Not assessed |
| Gissi et al. [29] | Conditioned media concentrated by several centrifugation and ultracentrifugation. | AFM: 40–280 mm in diameter, with a peak at 80 mm. | Annexin XI, Annexin V and TSG-101 +ve; GM-130 −ve | AFM | Pro-collagen1A2 and MMP14 |
| Yao et al. [30] | Conditioned media concentrated by several ultracentrifugation steps. | NTA with ZetaView: 30–200 nm, average of 131 nm. | CD9, CD63, ALIX, TSG101 | 80 kV electron microscope | MicroRNA-21-3p |
| Chamberlain et al. [31] | Conditioned media concentrated by differential centrifugation and ultracentrifugation steps. | qNano Gold: 61–121 nm | CD146, CD29, CD44, CD63, CD81, and CD105. | TEM | Not assessed |
| Huang et al. [32] | Conditioned media concentrated by differential centrifugation and ultracentrifugation steps. | TEM: 30–150 nm | CD9, CD63, and CD81 | TEM | Not assessed |
| Li et al. [33] | Conditioned media concentrated by differential centrifugation and ultracentrifugation steps. | TEM: 30–150 nm | CD9, CD63, ALIX, TSG101 | TEM | Not assessed |
| Wang et al. [34] | Conditioned media concentrated by differential centrifugation and ultracentrifugation steps. | TEM: 40–200 nm | CD63 and CD81 | TEM | Not assessed |
| Wang et al. [35] | Conditioned media concentrated by several centrifugation and ultracentrifugation. | qNano Gold: 50–150 nm | CD9, CD63, TSG-101 +ve, GM130 −ve | TEM | Not assessed |
EV = extracellular vesicle; NTA = Nanoparticle tracking analysis; TEM = Transmission electron microscopy; ATM = Atomic force microscopy.