Table 1.
MicroRNAs are involved in both the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis and the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. Examples for Warburg-promoting and anti-Warburg microRNAs are highlighted with blue and green background, respectively.
| MicroRNA | Implication in Metabolic Regulation and Targets |
|---|---|
| miR-1 | G6PD |
| miR-15 | BCL2, FASN |
| miR-16 | BCL2, FASN |
| miR-17-92 cluster | glycolysis, TCA, oxidative phosphorylation, E2F, cyclin D |
| miR-22 | ACLY |
| miR-23a | amino acid metabolism, GLS |
| miR-23b | amino acid metabolism, GLS |
| miR-26a | pyruvate–lactate conversion, PDH X component |
| miR-33 | fatty acid β-oxidation |
| miR-34a | LDH-A, SIRT1 |
| miR-122 | lipid metabolism, PKM2 |
| miR-103 | insulin and glucose homeostasis |
| miR-107 | insulin and glucose homeostasis |
| miR-132 | GLUT1 |
| miR-137 | ASCT2 |
| miR-144 | GLUT1 |
| miR-146b | pyruvate–lactate conversion |
| miR-181a | TCA |
| miR-155 | HK2 |
| miR-199a | HK2 |
| miR-206 | G6PD |
| miR-210 | electron transport chain, glycolytic enzymes, ISCU |
| miR-223 | GLUT4 |
| miR-326 | PKM2 |
| miR-370 | fatty acid β-oxidation |
| miR-375 | insulin secretion |
| miR-422 | PDK2 |
| miR-451 | GLUT1 |
| miR-497 | transketolase |
Abbreviations: ACLY: ATP citrate lyase; ASCT2: alanine/serine/cysteine-preferring transporter 2; BCL2: B-cell lymphoma 2 gene; CDK: cyclin-dependent protein kinase; FASN: fatty acid synthase; G6PD: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; GLS: glutaminase; GLUT: glucose transporter; HK2: hexokinase 2 isoform; ISCU: iron–sulfur cluster assembly enzyme; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; PDH: pyruvate dehydrogenase; PDK2: pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2; PKM2: pyruvate kinase M2 isoform; SIRT: sirtuin enzyme; TCA: tricarboxylic acid cycle.