Table 1.
The enigmatic role of genome-wide association studies in various crop species.
| Crop | Population Size | Markers | Traits | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aegilops tauschii | 322 | 7185 SNPs | Morphological traits | [56] |
| B. napus | 523 | 41 SNPs | Flowering time | [57] |
| B. napus | 248 | 60K SNPs | Seed germination and vigor | [58] |
| B. napus | 472 | 60,000 SNPs | Seed weight and quality | [47] |
| B. napus | 155 | 35,791 SNPs | Harvest index | [59] |
| B. napus | 521 | 60K SNPs | Seed oil content | [60] |
| B. napus | 523 | 60K SNPs | Flowering time | [61] |
| B. napus | 348 | 60K SNPs | Silique related traits | [62] |
| B. napus | 472 | 19,945 SNPs | Plant height and primary branch number | [63] |
| B. napus | 143 | 60K SNPs | Branch angle | [64] |
| B. napus | 520 | 60K SNPs | Branch angle trait | [65] |
| B. napus | 158 | 60K SNPs | Flowering time and yield responses | [66] |
| B. napus | 192 | 369 SSR, 740 AFLP | Yield-related traits | [44] |
| B. napus | 370 | 60K SNPs | Quantity of fatty acids | [67] |
| B. napus | 422 | 60K SNPs | Root development | [68] |
| B. napus | 333 | 60K SNPs | PH, BIH, and BN | [69] |
| B. napus | 588 | 385,692 SNPs | Oil content | [70] |
| B. napus | 300 | 201,187 SNP | Fatty acid composition | [71] |
| B. napus | 216 | 30,262 SNPs | Root architectural traits | [72] |
| B. napus | 157 | 742 SNPs | Seed weight and silique length | [73] |
| B. napus | 327 | 33,186 SNPs | Branching morphogenesis. | [74] |
| B. napus | 435 | 60K SNPs | Fatty acid composition and content | [75] |
| B. napus | 331 | 60K SNPs | Silique number | [76] |
| B. napus | 307 | 60K SNPs | Seed glucosinolates contents | [77] |
| B. napus | 419 | 60K SNPs | Seedling stage | [78] |
| B. napus | 300 | 201,817 SNPs | Earliness traits | [79] |
| B. napus | 368 | 60K SNPs | Salt tolerance-related traits | [34] |
| B. napus | 520 | 60K SNPs | Fatty acid composition | [80] |
| B. napus | 210 | 23,435 SNPs | Hypocotyl elongation | [81] |
| B. napus | 520 | Brassica 60K | Seven yield-determining traits | [82] |
| Barley | 175 | 107 SSRs | Seed aging and longevity | [83] |
| Barley | ~500 | 1536 SNPs | Morphological trait | [84] |
| Barley | 122 DH lines | 9680 SNPs | 14 main agronomic traits | [85] |
| Barley | 275 | 9K SNP, 3072 SNP | Six-rowed spring barley | [86] |
| Barley | 233 | 7864 SNPs | Root and shoot architecture traits | [87] |
| Barley | 25 | 9 K iSelect SNPs | Plant growth under drought stress | [88] |
| Barley | 222-2-303 6-rowed | 7864 SNPs. | Adherence of hulls to the caryopsis | [89] |
| Barley | 109 | 15,828 DArTseqs and 7829 SNPs | Chlorophyll fluorescence induction (OJIP) parameters | [90] |
| Barley | 166 | 777 DArT markers | Drought stress | [91] |
| Cotton | 169 | 53,848 SNPs | Fiber quality traits | [15] |
| Cotton | 319 | 55,060 SNPs | Drought stress | [92] |
| Cotton | 231 | 122 SSR and 4729 SNP markers | Fiber quality traits and yield components |
[93] |
| Cotton | 196 | CottonSNP80K | Salt tolerance | [94] |
| Cotton | 316 | 81,675 SNP | Drought tolerance | [95] |
| Cotton | 83 | 15,369 SNPs | Oil content | [96] |
| Cotton | 215 | ~1.57 million SNPs | Salt tolerance | [97] |
| Flax | 370 | 258,873 SNPs | Pasmo resistance | [98] |
| Foxtail millet | 916 | 0.8 m SNPs | Agronomic traits | [99] |
| Maize | 384 | 681,257 SNPs | Seedling root architecture traits | [100] |
| Maize | 999 | 56,110 SNPs | Northern corn leaf blight resistance | [101] |
| Maize | 368 | 1.03 m SNPs | Kernel oil concentration fatty acid composition | [102] |
| Maize | 25000 | SNPs | Southern leaf blight resistance | [103] |
| Maize | - | SNPs | Leaf architecture | [104] |
| Maize | 144 | 43,427 SNPs | The regenerative capacity of the embryonic callus | [13] |
| Maize | 257 | 48,193 SNPs | Stalk lodging resistance | [14] |
| Maize | 230 | 145,232 SNPs | Starch pasting properties | [61] |
| Rice | 413 | 44,100 SNPs | Agronomic traits | [105] |
| Rice | 9 | 71,710 SNPs | Agronomic traits | [106] |
| Rice | 220 | 6000 SNPs | Salinity tolerance | [107] |
| Rice | 517 | ∼3.6 m SNPs | Agronomic traits | [108] |
| Rice | 950 | SNPs | Flowering time grain-related traits | [109] |
| Rice | 20 | 32,655 SNPs | Agronomic traits | [110] |
| Rice | 236 | 147,692 SNPs | Cooked rice texture | [111] |
| Rice | 478 | 162,529 SNPs | Salt-tolerance | [112] |
| Sorghum | 971 | ~26,500 SNPs | Plant height and architecture | [17] |
| Sorghum | 245 | 85,885 | Forage quality-related traits | [113] |
| Soybean | 96 | SSRs | Plant height pods/plant 100-seed weight plant growth habit seeds/pod days to 50% flowering and maturity |
[114] |
| Soybean | 368 | 62,423 SNPs | Plant height and the number of nodes | [115] |
| Soybean | 219 | 292,035 SNPs | Photosynthetic response to low P stress | [116] |
| Soybean | 144 | SoySNP660k | Protein content | [117] |
| Sugarcane | 20 | 20 SSRs | Cane weight tillers/plant | [118] |
| Tomato | 174 | 182 SSRs | Flavor traits | [119] |
| Wheat | 382 | SNPs | Agronomic traits and carbon isotope | [120] |
| Wheat | 182 | 14,646 SNPs | 20 free amino acid | [121] |
| Wheat | 339 | 13,098 SNPs | Karnal bunt resistance | [122] |
| Wheat | 160 | 10,172 SNPs | Wheat quality and yield-related traits | [123] |
| Wheat | 635 | 10,802 SNPs | Flour yield and alveograph quality traits | [124] |