Table 1.
The efficacy of targeted therapy for thymic carcinoma in clinical trials.
| Authors | Phase | Agents | Target | Number of Patients | ORR (%) | DCR (%) | PFS (Months) | OS (Months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Palmieri et al. [64] | II | Imatinib | KIT | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 a | NR |
| Giaccone et al. [65] | II | Imatinib | KIT | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 a | 4 a |
| Thomas et al. [38] | II | Sunitinib | VEGFR, KIT, PDGFR, Flt-3 | 24 | 26 | 91 | 7.2 | NR |
| Remon et al. [67] | retrospective | Sunitinib | VEGFR, KIT, PDGFR, Flt-3 | 20 | 20 | 55 | 3.3 | 12.3 |
| Pagano et al. [69] | retrospective | Sorafenib | RAF, VEGFR, KIT, PDGFR, | 5 | 40 | 80 | 6.4 | 21.2 |
| Sato et al. [37] | II | Lenvatinib | VEGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, KIT, RET | 42 | 38 | 95 | 9.3 | NR |
| Zucali et al. [44] | II | Everolimus | mTOR | 19 | 10.5 | 77.8 | 5.6 | 14.7 |
| Kurup et al. [81] | II | Gefitinib | EGFR | 7 | 0 | NA | NA | NA |
| Bedano et al. [80] | II | Elrotinib, bevacizumab | EGFR, VEGF | 7 | 0 | NA | NA | NA |
| Giaccone et al. [83] | II | Belinostat | HDAC | 16 | 0 | 50 | 2.7 | 12.4 |
| Palmieri et al. [87] | II | Octreotide and PSL | Somatostatin receptor | 6 | 37 a | 75 a | 14 a | 15 a |
| Loehrer et al. [26] | II | Octreotide and/without PSL | Somatostatin receptor | 6 | 0 | 67.1 | 4.5 | 23.4 |
a Data of both thymic carcinoma and thymoma. Abbreviations: ORR, overall response rate; PFS, progression-free survival; OS, overall survival; NR, not reached; NA, not available.