Intracellular distribution of CD38 in mast cells. Primary antibodies used: (a,b,d,e) mouse monoclonal (kindly provided by Fabio Malavasi, University of Torino, Italy); (c,f,g) rabbit monoclonal (Cell Marque, USA). (a) Indolent systemic mastocytosis, bone marrow. In the type-1a hypochromic mast cell, the predominant localization of CD38 on the plasma membrane is revealed (indicated by the arrow). MCs with CD38 localization on intracellular structures (green arrow) and lack of exoenzyme expression (double arrow) are found. (b) Skin, neurotrophic ulcer. Expression of CD38 on the mast cell plasmalemma is unequal, with the highest expression at some loci (indicated by an arrow). (c–c″) Extrafollicular lymphoid tissue of the tonsil. In the mast cell, predominantly intracytoplasmic expression of CD38 is detected (indicated by the arrow). (d,d′,e,e′) Breast cancer. Variants of CD38 distribution on mast cell plasmalemma. (f,f′,g,g′) Tonsilla. Stroma. Predominantly intracytoplasmic expression of CD38. Scale bar: 5 µm.