MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
ATLL	Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
HTLV-1	Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1
ERK	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
EBV	Epstein–Barr virus
HBV	Hepatitis B virus
HCV	Hepatitis C virus
HPV	Human papillomaviruses
GDP	Guanosine diphosphate
GTP	Guanosine triphosphate
Ras-GRF	Ras protein-specific guanine nucleotide releasing factor 1
FTase	Farnesyl transferase
GGTase1	Geranylgeranyl transferase 1
Rce1	Ras converting enzyme
Icmt	Isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase
PDEδ	Phosphodiesterase delta
GPCR	G-protein-coupled receptors
IL	Interleukin
JAK2	Janus kinase 2
SH2	Src homology 2 domain
Grb2	Growth factor receptor bound protein 2
SOS	Son of sevenless
GEF	Guanine nucleotide exchange factor
Gal-1	Galectin-1
EGFR	Epidermal growth factor receptor
PKA	Protein kinase A
PLCβ	Phospholipase C-β
RBD	Ras-binding domain
PAK	p21-activated protein kinase
PKC	Protein kinase C
BL	Burkitt’s lymphoma
NHL	non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
HCC	Hepatocellular carcinoma
NSCLC	Non-small cell lung cancer
PAC	Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
CRC	Colorectal cancer
Shrp2	Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2
Csk	C-terminal Src kinase
SFKs	Src family kinases (SFKs)
Epac-1	Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP
PLCγ	Phospholipase C-γ
PAG	Phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains
PP1	Protein phosphatase 1