Table 5.
A qualitative synthesis of the studies related to burnout.
| Study | Aim | Outcomes | Instrument | Main Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yildiz, 2015 [40] | Analyse the effect of burnout and bullying in professional players. | Burnout symptoms | Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) | Bullying had the strongest and statistically significant direct influence on three dimensions of burnout. (1) reduced sense of accomplishment, (2) emotional/physical exhaustion, and (3) devaluation. |
| Verardi et al., 2015 [41] | Identify and interpret the occurrence of symptoms associated with burnout syndrome during the pre-competition. | Burnout symptoms | Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) | The incidence, and consequently the vulnerability, to burnout, were identified in a portion of the athletes during the pre-competition phase. |
| Hill, 2013 [42] | Examine the interactive effects of dimensions of perfectionism in predicting symptoms of athlete burnout. | Burnout symptoms | Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) | Pure personal perfectionism provided some, albeit limited, protection from burnout in comparison with non-perfectionism. Also, pure evaluative concerns perfectionism, as opposed to mixed perfectionism, emerged as the most debilitating in terms of burnout symptoms. |
| Curran et al., 2013 [43] | Examine the mediating role of psychological need satisfaction in relationships between types of passion for sport and athlete burnout. | Burnout symptoms and basic psychological need satisfaction | Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) and different scales to measure basic psychological need satisfaction | An inverse relationship between harmonious passion and burnout can be explained by higher levels of psychological need satisfaction. However, this was not the case for obsessive passion, which was not associated with psychological need satisfaction or most symptoms of athlete burnout. |
| Tabei et al., 2012 [44] | Investigate the relationship between organizational stressors in sport and athlete burnout. | Burnout symptoms and organizational stressors | Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) and interview | Results revealed multiple demands linked to the dimensions of athlete burnout and identified specific organizational-related issues that players associated with the incidence of burnout. |
| Yildiz, 2011 [45] | determine whether leader-member exchange quality affects burnout in professional footballers. | Burnout symptoms | An abbreviated version of the 10-item burnout scale | The results demonstrated that the quality of leader-member exchange significantly and inversely influenced burnout of professional footballers |
| Curran et al., 2011 [46] | To examine the relationship between forms of passion and whether these relationships are mediated by self-determined motivation. | Burnout symptoms, self-determined motivation, and passion | Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), Sport Motivation Scale, Passion Scale | The results suggest that harmonious passion may offer some protection from burnout for athletes due to higher levels of self-determined motivation. |