. 2021 Sep 23;10(10):2251. doi: 10.3390/foods10102251

Table 3.

Average concentration and standard deviation of each element analysed through total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) in grapevine leaves. N = 5, for a given row, different letters indicate significant differences at p < 0.05; same letters indicate no significant differences (p > 0.05) (Kruskal–Wallis test).

	Vitis vinifera cv.
Element (μg/g FW)	Trincadeira	Cabernet Sauvignon	Pinot Noir	Tinta Barroca	Castelão	Bastardo	C19
Na	491.72 ± 139.27 ^a	661.66 ± 74.64 ^ab	898.26 ± 288.80 ^ab	746.88 ± 74.99 ^ab	1033.40 ± 194.20 ^b	571.39 ± 198.90 ^ab	671.68 ± 95.52 ^ab
Mg	21.59 ± 33.32 ^a	14.64 ± 32.72 ^a	28.61 ± 39.30 ^a	0.00 ^a	55.58 ± 57.97 ^a	18.51 ± 41.39 ^a	10.48 ± 23.44 ^a
Cl	21.27 ± 5.69 ^abc	29.01 ± 8.31 ^bc	9.67 ± 6.19 ^a	23.84 ± 6.31 ^abc	9.25 ± 3.28 ^a	25.08 ± 8.71 ^abc	30.02 ± 7.51 ^c
K	4046.22 ± 821.37 ^a	2817.77 ± 336.38 ^a	3446.68 ± 1054.71 ^a	3224.14 ± 252.62 ^a	3818.64 ± 1174.17 ^a	3784.25 ± 552.03 ^a	3467.66 ± 194.97 ^a
Ca	2080.56 ± 392.42 ^abc	1691.01 ± 106.95 ^a	1580.98 ± 431.74 ^a	2771.00 ± 327.37 ^c	1752.66 ± 379.56 ^abc	2513.26 ± 143.36 ^abc	2590.35 ± 149.68 ^bc
Sc	5.84 ± 1.41 ^abc	4.61 ± 0.63 ^ab	3.59 ± 0.82 ^a	6.65 ± 0.72 ^bc	4.86 ± 0.74 ^abc	6.02 ± 1.10 ^abc	8.65 ± 2.17 ^c
Ti	0.26 ± 0.25 ^a	0.12 ± 0.17 ^a	2.39 ± 3.94 ^a	0.27 ± 0.28 ^a	1.10 ± 0.92 ^a	0.00 ^a	0.30 ± 0.31 ^a
V	0.17 ± 0.11 ^ab	0.12 ± 0.12 ^ab	0.03 ± 0.06 ^a	0.26 ± 0.16 ^ab	0.19 ± 0.13 ^ab	0.150 ± 0.102 ^ab	0.31 ± 0.04 ^b
Cr	0.00 ^a	0.00 ^a	0.02 ± 0.05 ^a	0.03 ± 0.06 ^a	0.04 ± 0.09 ^a	0.00 ^a	0.00 ^a
Mn	9.30 ± 1.81 ^abc	11.77 ± 0.69 ^abcd	6.50 ± 0.80 ^a	13.01 ± 1.48 ^cd	9.08 ± 1.29 ^abc	13.24 ± 0.50 ^d	12.28 ± 0.42 ^bcd
Fe	19.79 ± 6.83 ^a	15.99 ± 1.62 ^a	14.85 ± 3.16 ^a	15.32 ± 1.06 ^a	29.26 ± 27.19 ^a	15.40 ± 1.01 ^a	20.77 ± 1.33 ^a
Co	0.16 ± 0.10 ^a	0.07 ± 0.06 ^a	0.10 ± 0.10 ^a	0.06 ± 0.08 ^a	0.20 ± 0.23 ^a	0.15 ± 0.05 ^a	0.10 ± 0.07 ^a
Ni	0.13 ± 0.04 ^a	0.11 ± 0.03 ^a	0.10 ± 0.09 ^a	0.11 ± 0.07 ^a	0.04 ± 0.05 ^a	0.12 ± 0.05 ^a	0.12 ± 0.04 ^a
Cu	3.26 ± 0.66 ^ab	3.46 ± 0.11 ^ab	3.69 ± 0.18 ^ab	2.47 ± 0.11 ^a	3.06 ± 0.38 ^ab	2.49 ± 0.18 ^a	4.51 ± 0.30 ^b
Zn	11.16 ± 2.04 ^ab	55.44 ± 5.41 ^b	30.70 ± 3.70 ^ab	9.41 ± 0.92 ^a	9.53 ± 2.43 ^a	9.31 ± 1.23 ^a	13.66 ± 0.65 ^ab
Se	0.00 ± 0.00 ^a	0.02 ± 0.02 ^a	0.02 ± 0.02 ^a	0.00 ^a	0.01 ± 0.03 ^a	0.02 ± 0.04 ^a	0.00 ^a
Br	0.45 ± 0.10 ^abcd	1.39 ± 0.40 ^d	0.14 ± 0.03 ^a	1.18 ± 0.071 ^cd	0.23 ± 0.09 ^abc	0.61 ± 0.38 ^abcd	0.97 ± 0.43 ^bcd
Rb	6.57 ± 1.46 ^cd	5.18 ± 0.29 ^abcd	7.16 ± 1.00 ^d	2.90 ± 0.15 ^a	5.83 ± 1.31 ^abcd	4.57 ± 0.98 ^abcd	6.04 ± 0.52 ^bcd
Sr	4.79 ± 1.05 ^abc	3.46 ± 0.35 ^a	4.33 ± 0.56 ^ab	6.39 ± 0.36 ^c	5.71 ± 1.02 ^abc	5.66 ± 0.96 ^abc	6.31 ± 0.35 ^bc
Y	2.84 ± 0.64 ^ab	2.88 ± 0.51 ^ab	4.22 ± 0.91 ^ab	3.89 ± 0.60 ^ab	4.29 ± 0.51 ^b	2.72 ± 0.45 ^a	3.37 ± 0.31 ^ab
I	0.34 ± 0.54 ^a	0.00 ^a	0.27 ± 0.59 ^a	0.56 ± 1.24 ^a	1.20 ± 2.21 ^a	0.20 ± 0.44 ^a	1.11 ± 0.63 ^a