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. 2021 Oct 14;10(10):2756. doi: 10.3390/cells10102756

Figure 5.

Figure 5

SCFA treatments reduce TNF and IL-1β expression following NTG injection. NTG-injected mice show positive immunostaining for TNF and IL-1β (B,I;K,R, respectively), compared to the sham animals (A,I;J,R, respectively). SB of 10 mg/kg slightly reduces positive immunostaining for TNF (F,I). SCFAs of 30 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg strongly decrease cytokine expression following NTG administration (D,E,G,H,I,M,N,P,Q,R, respectively). Other oral treatments do not show any significant downregulation of TNF and IL-1β expression (C,I,L,O,R). Quantification of cytokines TNF and IL-1β (S,T) quantities using KIT ELISA. Data are representative of at least three independent experiments; one-way ANOVA test. *** p < 0.001 vs. sham; # p < 0.05 vs. NTG; ### p < 0.001 vs. NTG. N = 10 mice/group for each technique.