Table 2.
Difference-in-differences estimates of the effect of Tulsa rally on pings per 1000 m squared in treatment census block groups, Tulsa County
| (1) | (2) | (3) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Panel I: Entertainment | |||
| Trump Rally | 0.0934*** | 0.0934*** | 0.0932*** |
| P-value | [0.006] | [0.006] | [0.006] |
| Mean of DV | 0.0273 | 0.0273 | 0.0273 |
| Panel II: Hotel | |||
| Trump Rally | 0.0336*** | 0.0336*** | 0.0335*** |
| P-value | [0.006] | [0.006] | [0.006] |
| Mean of DV | 0.0251 | 0.0251 | 0.0251 |
| Panel III: Restaurants | |||
| Trump Rally | 0.0279* | 0.0278* | 0.0280* |
| P-value | [0.060] | [0.060] | [0.060] |
| Mean of DV | 0.0682 | 0.0682 | 0.0682 |
| Panel IV: Bar | |||
| Trump Rally | − 0.0006*** | − 0.0006*** | − 0.0006*** |
| P-value | [0.008] | [0.008] | [0.008] |
| Mean of DV | 0.0031 | 0.0031 | 0.0031 |
| Panel V: Business services | |||
| Trump Rally | − 0.0021** | − 0.0021** | − 0.0022** |
| P-value | [0.291] | [0.291] | [0.315] |
| Mean of DV | 0.0100 | 0.0100 | 0.0100 |
| Panel VI: Retail | |||
| Trump Rally | 0.0257 | 0.0256 | 0.0260 |
| P-value | [0.109] | [0.108] | [0.108] |
| Mean of DV | 0.0727 | 0.0727 | 0.0727 |
| N | 60,501 | 60,501 | 60,501 |
| Day and Census block group FE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Weather controls | No | Yes | Yes |
| County linear time trend | No | No | Yes |
Estimates are generated using weighted least squares. All estimates include county and day fixed effects as well as county specific linear time trends. State policy controls include COVID-19 testing, an indicator for whether a state reopened restaurant or bars, an indicator for whether a state reopened retail services beyond curbside pickup, an indicator for whether a state reopened personal or pet care services, an indicator for whether a state reopened entertainment business, an indicator for whether a state reopened gyms or parks, and an indicator for whether a state paused reopening. County weather controls include average temperature and an indicator for whether any measurable precipitation fell. BLM Controls include whether a county had a city with at least 100,000 population with a protest. Permutation based p-values are reported inside the brackets
*Significant at the 10% level, **Significant at the 5% level, ***Significant at the 1%