Table 3.
Synthetic control estimates of Tulsa rally on foot traffic per 100,000 population
| Bars/Restaurant | Bars | Restaurant | Retail | Hotel | Entertainment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
| Panel I: Tulsa county | ||||||
| 6/19 and 6/20 | − 357.05 | 0.582 | − 356.482 | − 254.474* | − 54.747 | − 156.958 |
| P-value | [0.272] | [0.621] | [0.286] | [0.058] | [0.947] | [0.660] |
| 1 Sided P-value | [0.171] | [0.214] | [0.189] | [0.044] | [0.529] | [0.437] |
| 6/21 and onwards | 98.145 | 1.863 | 97.406 | − 98.528 | 4.999 | − 689.227 |
| P-value | [0.811] | [0.519] | [0.831] | [0.501] | [0.995] | [0.184] |
| 1 Sided P-value | [0.369] | [0.248] | [0.374] | [0.223] | [0.485] | [0.155] |
| Pre-treatment mean of DV | 3788.759 | 20.698 | 3768.061 | 5369.27 | 337.621 | 1681.813 |
| Panel II: Tulsa cluster | ||||||
| 6/19 and 6/20 | − 190.689 | 0.491 | − 196.329 | − 275.156*** | − 51.578 | − 199.657 |
| P-value | [0.286] | [0.617] | [0.267] | [0.0010] | [0.841] | [0.180] |
| 1 Sided P-value | [0.228] | [0.262] | [0.214] | [0.005] | [0.481] | [0.131] |
| 6/21 and onwards | 2.506 | 1.397 | − 6.833 | − 58.954 | − 19.637 | − 409.45** |
| P-value | [0.675] | [0.432] | [0.709] | [0.485] | [0.996] | [0.049] |
| 1 Sided P-value | [0.296] | [0.223] | [0.417] | [0.277] | [0.481] | [0.049] |
| Pre-treatment mean of DV | 3107.877 | 13.663 | 3094.213 | 4666.514 | 246.688 | 2179.864 |
Estimates are generated using synthetic control methods. Matching was based on six days of pre-treatment COVID-19 case rates, pre-treatment stay-at-home behavior, COVID-19 testing rate, COVID-19 reopening policy, and mask wearing policy. Donor pool is restricted to counties/states with similar weighted population density or urbanicity as Tulsa/Oklahoma