Figure 1.

Genetic landscape of Parkinson’s disease. In the continuum of variants of different effect strengths and allele frequencies, the red bubble includes variants and mutations of high effect size/risk of disease, and the green bubble includes common polymorphisms with small effect size. Due to their relatively high prevalence and effect size, LRRK2 (G2019S) and some GBA variants (such as N409S and L483P; blue bubble) are of special interest for clinical trials focusing on genetic subtypes of PD.