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. 2021 Oct 17;18(20):10892. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182010892

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Serum markers of inflammation. (A) Significant raise of E-selectin in the diabetic (IDDM/NIDDM) versus the control (CTR) group. (B) Enhanced concentration of VCAM-1 in the IDDM/NIDDM versus CTR group (n.s). (C) Increased concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the IDM/NIDDM versus CTR group (n.s.). (D) Increase in concentration of CD40L and (E) C-reactive protein (CRP) in the DM versus CTR group (n.s.). Data are mean ± SD of n = 15 (CTR) and 11 (IDDM/NIDDM) patients (A–D) or n = 11–12 (E). Mann–Whitney test in (A,D,E) and unpaired t test in (B,C). CTR, control; IDDM, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type 2; NIDDM, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type 2.