Table 2.
Free amino acid composition of cow raw milk from ‘Ailano’ and ‘Valle Agricola’. Values are means (±SD) and are expressed as mg per 100 g of milk. See Section 2.2 of Materials and Methods section for more details.
| Free Amino Acid Composition of Cow Raw Milk | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amino Acid # | Ailano | Valle Agricola | p Value | Average Values |
| Essential amino acids | ||||
| His | 0.06 ± 0.01 a | 0.05 ± 0.01 a | >0.05 | 0.06 |
| Ile | 0.14 ± 0.01 a | 0.25 ± 0.01 a | >0.05 | 0.20 |
| Leu | 0.14 ± 0.00 a | 0.23 ± 0.01 a | >0.05 | 0.19 |
| Lys | 0.53 ± 0.07 a | 0.28 ± 0.04 a | >0.05 | 0.41 |
| Met | n.d. | n.d. | - | - |
| Phe | 0.24 ± 0.00 a | 0.24 ± 0.01 a | >0.05 | 0.24 |
| Thr | 0.17 ± 0.08 a | 0.16 ± 0.00 a | >0.05 | 0.17 |
| Trp | n.d. | n.d. | - | - |
| Val | 0.21 ± 0.00 a | 0.20 ± 0.01 a | >0.05 | 0.21 |
| Non-essential amino acids | ||||
| AAAA | 0.13 ± 0.00 a | 0.12 ± 0.01 a | >0.05 | 0.13 |
| ABAA | 0.15 ± 0.02 a | 0.10 ± 0.02 a | >0.05 | 0.13 |
| Ala | 1.01 ± 0.12 a | 0.80 ± 0.00 a | >0.05 | 0.91 |
| Arg | 0.40 ± 0.03 a | 0.27 ± 0.06 a | >0.05 | 0.34 |
| Asn | 0.33 ± 0.02 a | 0.23 ± 0.02 a | >0.05 | 0.28 |
| Asp | 0.68 ± 0.04 a | 0.71 ± 0.00 a | >0.05 | 0.70 |
| β-Ala | 0.11 ± 0.02 a | 0.14 ± 0.01 a | >0.05 | 0.13 |
| Car | n.d | n.d. | - | - |
| Citr | 0.17 ± 0.01 a | 0.11 ± 0.01 a | >0.05 | 0.14 |
| Cys | n.d. | n.d | - | - |
| Ethan | 1.49 ± 0.30 a | 0.82 ± 0.14 a | >0.05 | 1.16 |
| GABA | n.d. | 0.02 ± 0.00 | >0.05 | - |
| Gln | n.d. | n.d. | - | - |
| Glu | 6.18 ± 0.21 a | 11.96 ± 0.18 b | <0.001 | 9.07 |
| Gly | 1.39 ± 0.05 a | 1.65 ± 0.03 a | >0.05 | 1.52 |
| Homocys | n.d. | n.d. | - | - |
| 1-Mhis | n.d | n.d. | - | - |
| 3-Mhis | n.d. | n.d. | - | - |
| Orn | 0.06 ± 0.00 a | 0.09 ± 0.00 a | >0.05 | 0.08 |
| Pea | 1.19 ± 0.07 a | 1.94 ± 0.08 a | >0.05 | 1.57 |
| Phser | 1.34 ± 0.03 a | 1.36 ± 0.01 a | >0.05 | 1.35 |
| Pro | 0.58 ± 0.08 a | 0.37 ± 0.03 a | >0.05 | 0.48 |
| Sarc | 0.13 ± 0.00 a | 0.15 ± 0.01 a | >0.05 | 0.14 |
| Ser | 0.30 ± 0.02 a | 0.30 ± 0.04 a | >0.05 | 0.30 |
| Taur | 1.39 ± 0.02 a | 1.37 ± 0.05 a | >0.05 | 1.38 |
| Tyr | 0.18 ± 0.06 a | 0.03 ± 0.01 a | >0.05 | 0.11 |
| Total | 18.70 | 23.95 | - | 21.40 |
| Urea | 46.58 ± 1.00 a | 41.16 ± 3.24 b | <0.001 | 43.87 |
# Free and protein amino acids. n.d., not detected. Three-letter code has been used. Values followed by different letters within a row are significantly (p < 0.05) different by Bonferroni post-test. Protein amino acids are highlighted in bold.