Table 3.

Description of exercise programs used in the interventions.

Modality	Description
Postural Global Reeducation [82]	At each session, patients will maintain two different lying postures and one standing (Figure 2): Stretching of the anterior muscular chain: patients will be positioned in the supine position and initiate flexion from the lower limbs and end with the extension of both hips and knees; Stretching of the posterior muscular chain: in a supine position, the progression includes hip flexion (90 degrees) and knee extension. For both postures, manual traction will be applied to both lumbar and cervical areas, and isometric contractions of the stiff muscles will be elicited to induce post-isometric relaxation. Integration Standing in the center: The final part of the treatment will be aimed to facilitate the integration of the postural correction into daily functional activities. During the global stretching session, care will be taken to avoid postural compensation (due to tension increase in response to muscular tightness) on specific body segments, and patients will maintain free breathing, with no breath holding.
Specific therapeutic exercises [54,93,94]	Cervical flexors 1. Train craniocervical flexors (CCF) activation and holding capacity. 2. Train the interaction of deep and superficial cervical flexors in movement patterning and functional tasks. 3. Train co-contraction of the deep cervical flexors and extensors. 4. Train strength and endurance of the cervical flexors.
	Cervical extensors 1. Train craniocervical extensors and rotators with the cervical spine in a neutral position. 2. Train cervical extension to bias the cervical extensors (extend cervical spine keeping the craniocervical region in a neutral position). 3. Train strength and endurance.
	Axioscapular muscles 1. Train scapular muscles, in particular the upper/middle/lower trapezius and serratus anterior, in both open and closed chain positions, with and without load and movement of the upper limb. 2. Train correct scapular posture.
	Postural correction exercise 1. Train a neutral spinal posture. 2. Train scapulothoracic and cervical postures.
	Sensorimotor exercises with a visual feedback rehab laser (Figure 3) Using a laser pointer mounted onto a lightweight headband, participants practice: Relocation of the head back to a neutral posture or to predetermined points in range. The exercise will be progressed by closing the eyes and by changing directions and ranges of movement. Movements of the head to points in different directions (horizontal and vertical lines and circles) of the different designs of Motion Guidance. The exercises will be progressed by increasing speed and tracing more intricate patterns such as a figure eight, zig-zag, or a butterfly form.