Table 5.

Details of the specific therapeutic exercise progression.

Specific Therapeutic Exercises [54,93,94]
Exercise	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Cervical flexor	Re-education of CCF movement pattern Supine, knees bent -Gentle and controlled nodding action facilitated with eye movementHolding capacity Supine, knees bent -Repeated and sustained CCF progressing from 22 to 30 mmHg10 repetitions	Interaction between the deep/superficial cervical flexors Sitting -Controlled head movement through range of extension and return to neutral 10 repetitions Co-contraction of the deep cervical flexors/extensors Sitting -Isometric cervical rotation facilitated with eye movement (left/right sides) 5 s holds × 5 repetitions	Strength/endurance of the cervical flexors Sitting -Isometric CCF in a range of cervical extension -Lifting the head off the wall (with the chair up to 30 cm away from the wall) Supine -Lifting the head off a pillow (2, 1, then 0 pillows as per participant’s capacity) 10 s holds × 10 repetitions
Cervical extensor	Re-education of extension movement pattern Prone on elbows/four-point kneeling positions -Craniocervical extension -Craniocervical rotation (<40°) -Cervical extension while keeping the craniocervical region in a neutral position 3 sets of 5 repetitions	Co-contraction of the deep cervical flexors/extensors Sitting -Isometric cervical rotation facilitated with eye movement (left/right sides) 5 s holds × 5 repetitions	Strength/endurance of the cervical extensors Prone on elbows/four-point kneeling positions -Isometric hold in range of cervical extension -Addition of progressive load (light weights attached to head) as per patient’s capacity 10 s holds × 10 repetitions
Axioscapular control	Re-education of scapular movement control Side lying with arm elevated 140°/sitting -Passive repositioning of the scapular -Active repositioning of the scapular Holding capacity Side lying with arm elevated 140°/sitting 10 repetitions -Active repositioning the scapular posture and isometric hold 10 s holds × 10 repetitions	Axioscapular muscle control Sitting -Arm movement without load (external rotation/abduction/flexion < 30°) -Arm movement without load throughout range 10 repetitions Prone on elbows/four-point kneeling position -Thoracic lift (serratus anterior) and isometric hold 5 s holds × 5 repetitions	Strength/endurance of axioscapular muscles Sitting -Arm movement with load (external rotation/abduction/flexion < 30°) -Arm movement with load throughout the range 10 repetitions Prone -Lift the shoulder off the bed and hold without arm load -Lift the shoulder off the bed and hold with arm load 10 s holds × 10 repetitions
Postural correction	Correction of spinal posture Sitting -Active upright sitting initiated with lumbo-pelvic movement 10 s holds × 10 repetitions	Correction of spinal posture and scapular orientation Sitting -Actively positioning the scapular in a neutral posture while maintaining spinal posture 10 s holds × 10 repetitions	Spinal and scapular correction plus occipital lift Sitting -Actively lengthen the back of the neck while maintaining spinal and scapular posture 10 s holds × 10 repetitions
Motion Guidance (visual laser feedback)	Correction of the head position—Retropulsion of the head—keeping laser in the center	Cervical JPS with eyes open 5 times on each side (horizontal, vertical, and diagonal)	Draw the entire flower sitting and standing 2 times on each side
	Trunk head coordination—Rotate trunk keeping head and looking stability	Cervical movement sense: Draw the flower on the blue lines, 2 times for each side	Slow and fast speed training drawing the flower
	Cervical movement sense: overlapping vertical and horizontal lines with laser 2 min each	Laser head retropulse keeps 10× in the center of the foot 2 min each	Cervical JPS. Joint replacement with eyes closed 5 times on each side (horizontal, vertical and diagonal 2 min each