| aOR | adjusted odds ratio |
| CI | confidence interval |
| cOR | crude odds ratio |
| SSNHL | sudden sensorineural hearing loss |
| URIs | upper respiratory tract infections |
| DDD | defined daily dose |
| SD | standard deviation |
| LHID | longitudinal health insurance database |
| NHIRD | National Health Insurance Research Database |
| ICD-9-CM | International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification |
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