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. 2021 Oct 11;22(20):10946. doi: 10.3390/ijms222010946

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Overview of ROS-dependent signaling cascades involved in PSC proliferation regulation. ROS, reactive oxygen species; NOX, NADPH oxidase; FGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; PKC, protein kinase C; NF-kB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; cPLA2, phospholipase A2; AA, arachidonic acid; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; APC/C, anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; ERK, extracellular signal-related kinases; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinases; p38, p38 kinase; AKT, protein kinase B; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10; PI3K, phosphatydylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase; PIP3, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate; PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; β-cat, β-catenin; IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor; CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase; PSC, pluripotent stem cell.