Figure 5.

Close mesh holes. (A) z-bond assignment. Mesh from Fig. 1 before refinement. Slice numbering follows Fig. 1F. Mesh elements are labeled. Holes and pentagons of slices 5–8 are shown. Mesh after first (B) and second iterations (C) of the hole closing procedure and z-bond updates is shown. Added beads, added z-bonds, and new distance-based z-bonds pertaining to the holes in (A) are marked. Inset of (C) is zoomed view of area in the red rectangle. z-bonds marked by X were removed after the procedure to limit z-bonds to one per bead for each neighboring slice. (D) Mesh after depressing protrusions (see Fig. 6 for further detail). Note the lack of holes. (E) Mesh after final refinement steps (smoothen BOC and equalize bond length). Note decrease in the number and size of pentagons.