. 2021 Sep 24;12(10):1485. doi: 10.3390/genes12101485

Table 1.

Role of PcGs of proteins in adult SC compartments.

Tissue Studied	Targeted Gene	Mouse Model Used	Observed Phenotypes	Biological Process Affected	References
Intestine	Ring1a/b	Ring1a^−/−;Ring1b^fl/fl; LGR5-eGFP-IRES-Cre^ERT2	lower body weight, thinner intestine, defect in crypt architecture	reduced self-renewal and proliferation of intestinal stem cells, expression of non-lineage transcription factors	Chiacchiera et al., 2016 [22]
	Eed	Eed^fl/fl; AhCre	alteration in crypt-villus architecture, expansion of goblet cell and enteroendocrine cells	reduced proliferation of transit amplifying cells, lowered secretory lineage commitment	Chiacchiera et al., 2016 [157]
	Eed	Eed^fl/fl; AhCre	lower body weight, extensive crypt and microcystic degeneration, necrosis, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia of crypts	reduced proliferation of intestinal crypt cells	Koppens et al., 2016 [20]
Bone marrow stromal cells	Bmi1	Bmi1^fl/fl; Prx1-Cre	accumulation of bone marrow adipocytes, reduction in bone marrow cellularity	increased senescence, depletion of HSCs and progenitor cells, increased adipogenic differentiation	Hu et al., 2019 [158]
Hematopoietic cells	Bmi1	Vav-Cre;Rosa26Stop^FLBmi1 (over-expression of Bmi1)	reduction in age-related anemia	attenuated age-related HSC function, maintenance of HSC signature gene expression	Nitta et al., 2020 [159]
	Eed	Eed^fl/fl; Cre^ERT2	thymic and splenic atrophy, pale bone marrow, hematopoietic dysplasia	reduction in all hematopoietic cellular lineages, abnormal cell cycle, upregulation of adhesion molecule genes	Ikeda et al., 2016 [160]
	Phf19	Phf19⁻/⁻	high penetrance of splenomegaly	upregulation of retinoic acid pathway, downregulation of Myc network and genes related to biosynthesis and energy production	Vizán et al., 2020 [161]
Interfollicular epidermis	Eed and Ring1a/b	Eed^fl/fl; K14-Cre^ERT2 and Ring1a^−/−;Ring1b^fl/fl; K14-Cre^ERT2	epidermal pigmentation	upregulation of UV-responsive genes in EpSCs, induction of COL2A1 expression which promotes epidermal pigmentation	Li et al., 2021 [162]
Interfollicular epidermis and hair follicle	Jarid2	Jarid2^fl/fl; K14CreYFP::Rosa26	defective epidermal thickness and delayed hair cycle	reduced proliferation of basal cells of the epidermis and hair germ cells of the hair follicle, enhanced differentiation of basal cells	Mejetta et al., 2011 [163]
Hair follicle	Ring1a/b	Ring1a^−/−;Ring1b^fl/fl; LGR5-eGFP-IRES-Cre^ERT2	arrested hair follicle growth	defective Lgr5+ HFSC differentiation due to upregulation of non-lineage genes	Pivetti et al., 2019 [164]
Incisors	Ring1a/b	Ring1a^−/−;Ring1b^fl/fl; Rosa26::Cre^ERT2	Defective enamel and dentin formation	Reduced proliferation of mesenchymal transit amplifying cells	Lapthanasupkul et al., 2012 [165], An et al., 2018 [166]
Incisors	Bmi1	Bmi1^GFP/GFP (Bmi1-null mice)	defective enamel production	fewer stem cells due to upregulation of Ink4a/Arf, upregulation of Hox genes leading to premature differentiation and loss of stem cell population	Biehs et al., 2013 [167]