Table 3.
Inferential statistical indices of general health, perceived stress, mental toughness, and sleep complaints between heavy and light exercisers.
| Exercisers | Statistics | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heavy | Light | t-Tests | Effect Sizes | |
| N | 100 | 100 | ||
| M (SD) | M (SD) | Cohen’s d | ||
| Perceived stress | 36.06 (4.17) | 33.08 (5.20) | t (198) = 4.47 *** | 0.776 [M] |
| Mental toughness | 32.51 (5.57) | 30.09 (6.16) | t (198) = 2.91 ** | 0.054 [M] |
| Sleep complaints | 5.07 (2.55) | 4.54 (2.47) | t (198) = 1.49 | 0.237 [S] |
| General health | F-tests (MANOVA) | Partial eta-squared | ||
| Somatization | 6.09 (3.50) | 5.14 (2.67) | F (1, 198) = 4.64 * | 0.023 [S] |
| Anxiety | 6.10 (3.19) | 4.92 (2.75) | F (1, 198) = 7.83 ** | 0.038 [S] |
| Social functioning | 5.66 (3.56) | 6.93 (2.24) | F (1, 198) = 9.04 ** | 0.044 [S] |
| Depression | 3.97 (3.66) | 2.22 (2.67 | F (1, 198) = 14.89 *** | 0.070 [M] |
| Total score | 21.82 (12.59) | 19.21 (8.05) | F (1, 198) = 3.05 * | 0.089 [M] |
Notes: MANOVA = multivariate analysis of variance; * = p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001; S = small effect size; M = medium effect size.