Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics (n = 138).
| Variables | Categories | Mean ± SD or n (%) |
EQ-5D-5L Utility Score | t or F (p) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | Total | 69.04 ± 10.94 | 0.81 ± 0.17 | |
| ≤59 | 25 (18.1) | 0.86 ± 0.12 | 1.327 (0.268) | |
| 60–69 | 38 (27.5) | 0.79 ± 0.19 | ||
| 70–79 | 50 (36.2) | 0.80 ± 0.17 | ||
| ≥80 | 25 (18.1) | 0.78 ± 0.17 | ||
| Sex | Male | 126 (91.3) | 0.81 ± 0.17 | 0.412 (0.681) |
| Female | 12 (8.7) | 0.79 ± 0.19 | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | Total | 23.40 ± 3.11 | ||
| Normal (<23.0) | 64 (46.4) | 0.80 ± 0.17 | 1.130 (0.326) | |
| Overweight (23.0–24.9) | 37 (26.8) | 0.78 ± 0.21 | ||
| Obese (≥25.0) | 37 (26.8) | 0.84 ± 0.09 | ||
| Marital status | Married | 116 (84.1) | 0.81 ± 0.16 | 0.101 (0.460) |
| Not married | 22 (15.9) | 0.80 ± 0.18 | ||
| Employment | Employed | 58 (42.1) | 0.84 ± 0.14 | 1.791 (0.076) |
| Unemployed | 80 (58.0) | 0.79 ± 0.18 | ||
| Education | <High school | 46 (33.3) | 0.75 ± 0.22 | 3.713 (0.027) |
| High school | 49 (35.5) | 0.83 ± 0.13 | ||
| College or higher | 43 (31.2) | 0.84 ± 0.13 | ||
| Current drinker | Yes | 66 (47.8) | 0.83 ± 0.14 | 1.783 (0.077) |
| Current smoker | Yes | 32 (23.2) | 0.82 ± 0.13 | 0.085 (0.919) |
| Duration of PAD, years | Total | 8.36 ± 8.22 | ||
| <8 | 85 (61.6) | 0.81 ± 0.18 | 0.493 (0.623) | |
| ≥8 | 53 (38.4) | 0.80 ± 0.14 | ||
| Family history | PAD | 3 (2.2) | 0.86 ± 0.12 | 0.550 (0.583) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 29 (21.0) | 0.85 ± 0.12 | 1.733 (0.085) | |
| Comorbidity † | Diabetes | 70 (50.7) | 0.79 ± 0.19 | −1.176 (0.242) |
| Hypertension | 92 (66.7) | 0.81 ± 0.17 | 0.075 (0.940) | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 31 (22.5) | 0.79 ± 0.21 | −0.574 (0.570) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 52 (37.7) | 0.83 ± 0.14 | 1.217 (0.226) | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 12 (8.7) | 0.82 ± 0.19 | 0.201 (0.841) | |
| PAD symptoms experienced during treatment † | Intermittent claudication | 130 (94.2) | 0.80 ± 0.17 | −1.603 (0.111) |
| Rest pain | 13 (9.4) | 0.67 ± 0.26 | −2.044 (0.062) | |
| Delayed wound healing | 35 (25.4) | 0.76 ± 0.20 | −1.818 (0.075) | |
| Ulcers or gangrene | 20 (14.5) | 0.76 ± 0.21 | −1.435 (0.153) | |
| No pain | 6 (4.3) | 0.92 ± 0.09 | −1.751 (0.082) | |
| Using walking assistive device | Yes | 15 (10.9) | 0.64 ± 0.22 | −3.203 (0.006) |
| No | 123 (89.1) | 0.82 ± 0.15 | ||
| Treatment history † | Endovascular therapy | 116 (84.1) | 0.81 ± 0.17 | 0.253 (0.800) |
| Surgical bypass | 23 (16.7) | 0.78 ± 0.18 | −0.888 (0.376) | |
| Minor amputation | 9 (6.5) | 0.80 ± 0.19 | −0.198 (0.843) |
Note. BMI, body mass index; PAD, peripheral artery disease; SD, standard deviation; † Multiple choice is possible.